复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 48-56.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250628.007

• 基础与力学性能研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下纤维织布失效行为研究

解江1,2, 蒋逸伦2,3, 李漩2,3, 潘汉源2,3, 冯振宇1,2   

  1. 1.中国民航大学 科技创新研究院,天津 300300;
    2.民航航空器适航审定技术重点实验室,天津 300300;
    3.中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2025-06-28 发布日期:2025-07-24
  • 作者简介:解江(1982—),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为复合材料冲击动力学,xiejiang5@126.com。

Failure behavior of fiber fabrics under the combined effects of blast shockwaves and fragments

XIE Jiang1,2, JIANG Yilun2,3, LI Xuan2,3, PAN Hanyuan2,3, FENG Zhenyu1,2   

  1. 1. Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Technology, Tianjin 300300, China;
    3. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Online:2025-06-28 Published:2025-07-24

摘要: 简易爆炸装置(IEDs)是民航恐怖袭击事件中常见的袭击破坏手段之一。在机舱内部需要对小当量爆炸装置进行防护的场景下,高性能纤维织布可作为防爆结构进行使用。针对含破片爆炸威力场下纤维织布的失效行为,开展了芳纶(Aramid)和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)平纹织布的预置破片自由场爆炸试验,并使用超压传感器、高速摄像机记录了试验过程。通过爆炸冲击波及破片传播的理论分析及试验结果,对纤维织布的失效行为进行了研究并评估了织布的防护效果。结果表明:预置破片后对爆炸威力场的改变会使织布的失效模式发生明显转变;近爆距下,含破片爆炸威力场中的冲击波早于破片作用于织布,织布经历冲击波作用后产生的预应力或失效会导致其抗破片能力变弱;在药量相同的近爆距工况下,预置破片时相比无破片时需要更大的织布厚度才能实现对冲击波与破片的完全防护,加强纤维织布抗破片性能是后续工作中防护性能提升的重点。

关键词: 纤维织布, 爆炸力学, 爆炸冲击波, 高速破片, 失效行为, 复合材料

Abstract: High performance fiber woven fabric can be utilized as blast-resistant structural material for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in the cabin of civil aviation aircraft. In some cases, explosive devices are enhanced with fragments to increase their destructive effect. To evaluate the protective performance of fiber woven fabrics under blast loads with fragments, this research conducted free-field blast experiments with secondary fragments on aramid (Aramid) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) plain weave fabrics. Additionally, overpressure sensors and high-speed cameras were employed to record the experimental process. The failure behavior of the fabrics was analyzed through theoretical analysis of shockwave and fragment propagation and experimental results. It was observed that the high-velocity fragments accelerated by the blast shockwave altered the blast loading characteristics, and resulted in changes to the fabric’s failure modes. At close stand-off distance (SOD), the shockwave impacts the fabric before the fragments, and the preloading of the shockwave deteriorates the fragment-resistance of the fabric. The results indicate that: under the same charge, thicker fabrics are required to provide complete protection against blast shockwave and fragments. Therefore, enhancing the fragment-resistant properties of fiber fabrics will be a focal point for improving protective performance in subsequent research.

Key words: fiber fabrics, blast mechanics, blast shockwave, high-speed fragments, failure behavior, composites

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