基于增材制造的仿生吸能结构研究现状与展望

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250328.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 吸能结构在人类生活中的广泛应用带动了大量能量吸收特性的科学研究和前沿技术发展。大自然长时间的选择使一些动植物具有特殊结构,这些特殊结构给予设计者灵感,仿生吸能结构被大量地研究。在此过程中,增材制造技术由于具有灵活性强、能够制造复杂结构及利用增材制造材料等特点,成为解决轻量化和复杂结构需求的理想选择。然而现阶段科研人员对仿生吸能结构领域的综述性研究较为有限,系统性的总结也相对缺乏,导致对整个技术的发展现状及面临的问题理解不够深入。本文主要对仿生薄壁结构、仿生板结构、仿生细胞结构和仿生建筑结构所对应动植物的结构与性能进行了系统性的总结,阐述了增材制造技术在仿生吸能结构领域的研究现状,以期为未来各行业仿生吸能结构的发展提供一定参考。

关键词: 结构仿生, 吸能, 增材制造, 生物结构, 应用, 复合材料

Abstract: The wide application of energy absorption structure in human life has caused a large number of scientific research and frontier technological development on energy absorption characteristics. Through the choice of nature for a long time, some special structures of various animals and plants give the designers inspiration, and the bionic energy absorption structure has been studied extensively. In this process, the additive manufacturing technology is flexible, capable to manufacture complex structures, and use additive materials, so it becomes an ideal choice to solve the needs of lightweight and complex structures. However, at the present stage, the review research on the field of bionic energy absorption structure is limited, and the systematic summary is relatively lacking, which leads to the insufficient understanding of the development status and problems of the whole technology. This paper mainly on bionic thin wall structure, bionic plate structure, bionic cell structure and bionic building structure corresponding to the structure and performance of animals and plants, this paper is based on the additive manufacturing technology in the field of bionic energy absorption structure research status, in order to future the development of bionic energy absorption structure to provide certain reference.

Key words: structural biomimicry, energy absorption, additive manufacturing, biological structure, applica-tion, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

楼航飞, 陈文刚, 张伟, 蔡心远, 龚金锭. 基于增材制造的仿生吸能结构研究现状与展望[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(3): 147-156.

LOU Hangfei, CHEN Wengang, ZHANG Wei, CAI Xinyuan, GONG Jinding. Current status and prospects of additive manufacturing in biomimetic energy absorbing structures[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(3): 147-156.

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