界面结构对复合材料中冲击应力波传播影响研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20251028.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 复合材料由于整体韧性和抗冲击性能优异,被广泛应用于防弹和防爆领域,复合材料内部应力波传播对于其抗冲击性能至关重要。针对由两层复合材料组成的抗冲击材料,通过使用有限元软件研究在爆炸产生的冲击载荷作用下,不同界面结构、结构参数对应力波传播的影响。研究结果表明:爆炸产生的冲击载荷到达复合材料时,部分以应力波的形式继续在材料内部传播。当应力波到达界面时,由于两侧材料的波阻抗不同,应力波发生反射和透射。相较于平整界面,三角形界面对应力波的衰减作用较强。随着三角形界面的角度减小,到达第二层复合材料的应力波峰值逐渐下降。相同角度下,应力波峰值随界面厚度增大而先减小后增大。对于防弹和防爆领域,该研究具有重要的意义。

关键词: 复合材料, 应力波传播, 界面结构, 爆炸冲击波, 斜入射

Abstract: Composite materials are widely used in the field of ballistic and explosion prevention due to their excellent overall toughness and impact resistance, and the internal stress wave propagation of composite materials is very important to their impact resistance. The finite element software is used to study the effect of different interface structures and structural parameters on the stress wave propagation of the impact material composed of two layers of composite materials under the impact load generated by explosion. The results show that the impact load generated by explosion continues to propagate in the form of stress wave when reaching the composite material. When arriving at the interface, the stress wave will be reflected and transmitted due to different wave impedances of materials on both sides. Compared with the flat interface, the triangle interface has stronger attenuation effect on the stress wave. With the decrease of the angle of triangular interface, the peak value of stress wave reaching the second layer of composite decreases gradually. Under the same angle, the peak value of stress wave decreases first and then increases with the increase of interface thickness. This research is important in the field of ballistic and explosion protection.

Key words: composite material, stress wave propagation, interface geometry, blast-induced shock waves, oblique incidence

中图分类号:

TB332

唐博. 界面结构对复合材料中冲击应力波传播影响研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(10): 77-82.

TANG Bo. Study on the influence of interface structure on the propagation of impact stress waves in composite materials[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(10): 77-82.

参考文献

[1] 李焱, 黄献聪. 防弹头盔非贯穿性损伤评价研究进展[J]. 中国个体防护装备, 2008(1): 17-19.
[2] 王旭, 吕平, 闫帅, 等. 聚脲弹性体力学性能及爆炸防护的研究进展[J]. 材料保护, 2022, 55(8): 150-157.
[3] 冯振宇, 甄婷婷, 高斌元, 等. 芳纶和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物的铺层方式和混杂比对爆炸载荷动态响应影响研究[J]. 复合材料科学与程, 2023(10): 37-46.
[4] 崔小杰, 张国伟. 泡沫铝材料防护性能的数值模拟[J]. 兵工自动化, 2018, 37(5): 82-84.
[5] 刘迪, 陈菁, 张安强, 等. 爆炸冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺冲击伤防护作用的数值模拟研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(12): 84-94.
[6] 孙宁新, 雷明锋, 张运良, 等. 软弱夹层对爆炸应力波传播过程的影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(16): 112-119, 147.
[7] 刘勇. 各向同性-异性复合粘接结构界面特性的超声检测研究[D]. 景德镇: 景德镇陶瓷大学, 2025.
[8] 庞跃钊. 复合材料正交波纹夹芯结构冲击载荷下失效破坏研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2023.
[9] 王礼立. 应力波基础: 第2版[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2005.
[10] ZHAO C Y, CHEN J Y. Damage mechanism and mode of square reinforced concrete slab subjected to blast loading[J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2013, 63/64: 54-62.
[11] 邹广平, 梁正, 吴松阳, 等. 爆炸载荷下陶瓷颗粒增强聚氨酯复合材料动态响应数值分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2023, 43(7): 96-106.
[12] LEKHNITSKII G S, FERN P, BRANDSTATTER J J, et al. Theory of elasticity of an anisotropic elastic body[J]. Physics Today, 2009, 17(1): 84.
[13] LI S. The maximum stress failure criterion and the maximum strain failure criterion: their unification and rationalization[J]. Journal of Composites Science, 2020, 4(4): 157.
[14] 谈炳东, 郑健, 许进升, 等. 短纤维增强三元乙丙薄膜拉伸破坏率相关Tsai-Hill强度准则[J]. 复合材料学报, 2018, 35(6): 1646-1651.
[15] 张健, 刘伟, 高维成. 开孔补强对受剪复合材料工字型梁腹板稳定性的影响研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2018, 22(10): 1241-1248.
[16] 陈滨琦. 基于多尺度方法的复合材料层合板结构失效机理研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2016.
[17] MA M, WU Y, YU Y, et al. Coupling effect of brittle projectiles and ceramic composite armor with different backings[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(20): 37541-37554.
[18] 古兴瑾, 许希武. 纤维增强复合材料层板高速冲击损伤数值模拟[J]. 复合材料学报, 2012, 29(1): 150-161.
[19] HAN Q, LI H, CHEN X, et al. Impact resistant basalt fiber-reinforced aluminum laminate with Janus helical structures inspired by lobster and mantis shrimp[J]. Composite Structures, 2022, 291(7): 115551.
[20] 胡年明, 陈长海, 侯海量, 等. 高速弹丸冲击下复合材料层合板损伤特性仿真研究[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2017, 40(3): 66-70.