含功能性基团MOFs在液相吸附的应用及复合智能基材的应用展望

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20251028.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,液相体系中杂质的吸附由于环境等问题的突出而受到越来越多地关注。由于在液相吸附中的吸附质无论是离子还是分子都具有自身的特点,所以针对不同类型吸附质的吸附需要有针对性的吸附剂。金属有机框架材料(Metal-Organic Framework materials,MOFs)由于其良好的比表面积、丰富的反应位点而受到广泛应用。进一步地,具有功能化基团的MOFs能对有各自特点的吸附质进行针对性定制吸附,即这种含功能性基团的MOFs通过可作为针对性的吸附剂,从而实现高效率、低成本吸附。本文基于含有功能性基团的MOFs,综合概述了引入功能性基团的途径,以及不同类型的基团分别通过什么方式实现对吸附质的针对性吸附,最后提出了含功能性基团的MOFs和吸附质的选择策略。该策略能够针对特定的吸附质进行结构分析,从而选择合适的功能性基团MOFs进行吸附。然而,MOFs本身的粉末状态限制了其应用,与合适的智能基材进行复合能够打破这种局限性。未来,MOFs/智能基材复合材料具有很大的发展潜力。

关键词: 功能性基团, 液相吸附, 针对性, 选择策略, 金属有机框架材料/智能基材, 复合材料

Abstract: In recent years, the adsorption of impurities in liquid-phase systems has received increasing attention due to prominent environmental and other issues. Since the adsorbents in liquid-phase adsorption, whether ions or molecules, all have their own characteristics, targeted adsorbents are required for the adsorption of different types of adsorbents. Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are widely used due to their good specific surface area and abundant reaction sites. Further, MOFs with functional groups can be more specifically customized for adsorbents with their own characteristics. That is, such MOFs containing functional groups can often become targeted adsorbents, enabling high efficiency and low cost. This article focuses on MOFs containing functional groups, comprehensively summarizes the approaches for introducing functional groups, as well as the ways in which different types of groups achieve targeted adsorption of adsorbates. Finally, the selection strategies of MOFs and adsorbents containing functional groups were proposed. This strategy enables the structural analysis of specific adsorbates, thereby guiding the selection of MOFs with appropriate functional groups for adsorption. However, the inherent powder form of MOFs limits their applications, compositing them with suitable smart substrates can overcome this limitation. In the future, MOFs/smart substrate composites have significant development potential.

Key words: functional gene, liquid-phase adsorption, pertinence, selection strategy, MOFs/smart substrate, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

苏宇杏, 兰鑫, 张大伟. 含功能性基团MOFs在液相吸附的应用及复合智能基材的应用展望[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(10): 13-21.

SU Yuxing, LAN Xin, ZHANG Dawei. The application prospects of MOFs containing functional groups in liquid-phase adsorption and the application prospects of the composite of MOFs containing functional groups and smart substrates[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(10): 13-21.

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