玻璃纤维和麦秸秆纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料力学性能分析与预测

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260128.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究玻璃纤维(Glass Fiber,GF)的加入对麦秸秆纤维(Wheat Straw Fiber,WSF)/聚乳酸(Polylactic Acid,PLA)复合材料力学性能的影响,对制备的玻璃纤维和麦秸秆纤维增强聚乳酸(GFWSF/PLA)复合材料进行拉伸试验、差示扫描量热法分析以及Micro-CT扫描。结果表明:GF能有效传递和承受载荷,因此混杂复合材料的力学性能得到显著改善。在加入了25%质量分数的GF后,复合材料抗拉强度达到了52.4 MPa(相较于WSF/PLA复合材料提高40%以上),且在一定的范围内,复合材料的力学性能随着GF含量的增加逐渐提高。WSF与GF均可提高材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g),相较于纯PLA的61.62 ℃,分别提高到了63.22 ℃、67.43 ℃,改善了复合材料的耐热性。WSF与GF的加入还降低了复合材料的冷结晶温度(T_cc),由纯PLA的95.03 ℃降低到了90.00 ℃,这使复合材料更容易结晶。Micro-CT可以有效提取出GF在基体中的分布特征,结合Micro-CT结果、试验结果的拟合函数及Halpin-Tsai经验公式,建立了考虑复合材料内部真实纤维分布的力学性能预测模型,实现了玻璃纤维-秸秆纤维-聚乳酸三相复合材料的力学性能预测。

关键词: 玻璃纤维, 麦秸秆纤维, 聚乳酸, 力学性能, CT扫描, 复合材料

Abstract: In order to study the effect of glass fiber (GF) on the mechanical properties of wheat straw fiber/polylactic acid (WSF/PLA) composite, glass fiber reinforced wheat straw fiber/polylactic acid (GFWSF/PLA) composites were prepared and analyzed using tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Micro-CT scanning. The results show that GF can effectively transfer and withstand loads, so the mechanical properties of hybrid composites are significantly improved. After adding 25% of GF, the tensile strength of the composite reaches 52.4 MPa (compared with the WSF/PLA composite by more than 40%), and within a certain range, the mechanical properties of the composites gradually increase with the increase of GF content. Both WSF and GF can increase the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the composite to 63.22 ℃ and 67.43 ℃, respectively, compared with 61.62 ℃ of pure PLA, which improves the heat resistance of the composite. The addition of WSF and GF also reduces the cold crystallization temperature (T_cc) of the composite from 95.03 ℃ to 90.00 ℃ for pure PLA, which makes the composite easier to crystallize. Micro-CT can effectively extract the distribution characteristics of GF in the matrix. Combined with the fitting function of Micro-CT results, test results, and the Halpin-Tsai empirical formula, a mechanical properties prediction model considering the real fiber distribution inside the composite was established, and the mechanical properties prediction of glass fiber-straw fiber-polylactic acid three-phase composite was realized.

Key words: glass fiber, wheat straw fiber, polylactic acid, mechanical properties, CT scan, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

慕文龙, 张世坤, 黎世杰, 陈良玉, 蒋军委. 玻璃纤维和麦秸秆纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料力学性能分析与预测[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(1): 9-15.

MU Wenlong, ZHANG Shikun, LI Shijie, CHEN Liangyu, JIANG Junwei. Mechanical properties analysis and prediction of glass fiber reinforced wheat straw fiber/polylactic acid composites[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(1): 9-15.

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