复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 16-23.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260128.003

• 基础与力学性能研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

高低温下飞艇囊体材料撕裂性能试验与仿真研究

王昕煜, 周金龙, 孙慧玉*   

  1. 南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 孙慧玉(1965—),男,博士,教授,主要从事复合材料结构多尺度分析以及智能材料力学与性能表征方面的研究,hysun@nuaa.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:王昕煜(1999—),女,硕士,主要从事囊体复合材料力学性能方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    南京航空航天大学科研与实践创新计划(xcxjh20230106);国家自然科学基金(12372071);航空科学基金(2022Z055052001)

Experimental and simulation study on the tear resistance of airship envelope materials under high and low temperatures

WANG Xinyu, ZHOU Jinlong, SUN Huiyu*   

  1. College of Aeronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2026-03-12

摘要: 本文研究了一种新型飞艇囊体复合材料结构,其由聚氨酯基体、平纹尼龙编织物增强体组成。基于Ogden本构模型,拟合囊体材料经纬向的力学性能。在-5 ℃、80 ℃以及常温下进行撕裂试验,研究高低温条件下囊体材料的撕裂性能,利用扩展有限元法对含中心预制裂纹囊体材料的撕裂性能进行模拟,根据试验和模拟结果系统性地评估了不同温度下预制裂纹对囊体材料力学性能的影响,并进一步分析了裂纹扩展过程和路径,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。结果表明:当温度从-5 ℃到80 ℃时,最大撕裂强度下降了约40%,撕裂应变相应提高了约28%,所以需要重视囊体材料在高温下的撕裂特性。本文采用的扩展有限元方法对飞艇囊体材料的撕裂行为模拟有较强适用性。

关键词: 囊体材料, 撕裂性能, 有限元分析, 裂纹扩展, 温度, 复合材料

Abstract: This article studies a new type of composite material structure for airship envelopes, which consists of a polyurethane matrix and a plain weave nylon reinforcement. Based on the Ogden constitutive model, the mechanical properties of the envelope material in the warp and weft directions are fitted. The tear performance of the envelope material under high and low temperature conditions was studied by conducting tear tests at -5 ℃, 80 ℃, and room temperature. The tear performance of the envelope material with a central prefabricated crack was simulated using the extended finite element method (XFEM). Based on the experimental and simulation results, the impact of prefabricated cracks on the mechanical properties of the envelope material at different temperatures was systematically evaluated, and the crack propagation process and path were further analyzed. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that when the temperature changes from -5 ℃ to 80 ℃, the maximum tear strength decreases by about 40% and the tear strain increases by about 28%. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the tear characteristics of the envelope material at high temperature. The extended finite element method used in this paper has strong applicability for simulating the tear behavior of airship envelope materials.

Key words: envelope material, tear resistance, finite element analysis, crack propagation, temperature, composites

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