2.5D机织碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料烧蚀性能研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260128.001

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 1-8.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260128.001

• 基础与力学性能研究 • 下一篇

2.5D机织碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料烧蚀性能研究

王润宁¹, 何财鑫¹, 渠振江², 张佳平^1*

1.西北工业大学超高温结构复合材料重点实验室,陕西省纤维增强轻质复合材料重点实验室,西安 710072;
2.晋西工业集团有限责任公司,太原 030027

收稿日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-03-12
通讯作者: 张佳平(1989—),男,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高性能碳/碳复合材料以及抗氧化烧蚀涂层,zhangjiaping@nwpu.edu.cn。
作者简介:王润宁(1998—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为超高温陶瓷改性碳/碳复合材料。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52272044);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(225200810002);国家科技重大专项基础研究项目(J2022-Ⅵ-0011-0042);新材料陕西实验室基金(2024ZY-JCYJ-04-05);西北工业大学博士学位论文创新基金(CX2025054)

Research on the ablation properties of 2.5D woven carbon fiber reinforced Zr-based ceramic composites

WANG Running¹, HE Caixin¹, QU Zhenjiang², ZHANG Jiaping^1*

1. Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
2. Jinxi Industries Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030027, China

Received:2025-07-10 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2026-03-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料密度低,同时具备卓越的机械性能与抗烧蚀/氧化特性,被认为是极具发展潜力的热结构材料。本研究以2.5D机织碳纤维预制体作为增强体,采用化学气相渗透结合反应熔渗工艺制备碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料,探究了其在氧-乙炔以及氧-煤油环境中的烧蚀行为。结果表明:经过2 200 ℃氧-乙炔环境100 s的烧蚀考核,材料结构完整,并表现出较低的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率,分别为-0.74 μm/s和1.51 mg/s,经1 300 ℃氧-煤油烧蚀100 s后,其线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为-0.99 μm/s和11.48 mg/s。氧-乙炔烧蚀后,材料表面形成ZrO₂+SiO₂复合氧化物保护层,可以有效阻挡氧气向材料内部扩散,使其具有良好的抗烧蚀性能,但在氧-煤油烧蚀环境下,由于燃气中的水蒸气与SiO₂反应生成气体,致使其氧化层疏松多孔,从而为氧化性气体扩散提供通道,引发基体与纤维氧化,削弱复合材料的抗冲刷能力。

关键词: 碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料, 氧-乙炔烧蚀, 氧-煤油烧蚀, 烧蚀机理

Abstract: Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites are considered highly promising thermal structural materials due to their low density, excellent mechanical properties, and outstanding oxidation and ablation resistance. In this study, a 2.5D woven carbon fiber preform was used as the reinforcement, and carbon fiber reinforced Zr matrix ceramic composites were fabricated by a hybrid technique utilizing both chemical vapor and reactive melt infiltration. The ablation behavior of the composites was investigated under oxyacetylene and oxy-kerosene environments. The results showed that after 100 s of ablation at 2 200 ℃ in an oxyacetylene flame, the composite structure remained intact, with linear and mass ablation rates of -0.74 μm/s and 1.51 mg/s, respectively. Under oxy-kerosene ablation at 1 300 ℃ for 100 s, the values for the linear and mass ablation rates are -0.99 μm/s and 11.48 mg/s. The ZrO₂+SiO₂ oxide protective layer formed on the surface after oxygen-acetylene ablation can effectively block oxygen diffusion into the matrix, endowing it with good ablation resistance. However, under oxygen-kerosene ablation conditions, the water vapor in the combustion gas reacts with SiO₂ to form gaseous products, resulting in a porous and loose SiO₂ protective layer. These pores become diffusion channels for oxidizing gases, leading to oxidation of the matrix and fibers, which consequently reduces erosion resistance of the composites.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced Zr matrix ceramic composites, oxygen-acetylene ablation, oxygen-kerosene ablation, ablation mechanism

中图分类号:

TB332

王润宁, 何财鑫, 渠振江, 张佳平. 2.5D机织碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料烧蚀性能研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(1): 1-8.

WANG Running, HE Caixin, QU Zhenjiang, ZHANG Jiaping. Research on the ablation properties of 2.5D woven carbon fiber reinforced Zr-based ceramic composites[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(1): 1-8.

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2.5D机织碳纤维增强Zr基陶瓷复合材料烧蚀性能研究

Research on the ablation properties of 2.5D woven carbon fiber reinforced Zr-based ceramic composites

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