二维超构热防护结构热调控特性研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260128.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于超构材料的热调控思想,设计了一种新型二维超构热防护结构。与传统热防护结构相比,其增加了由高导热材料和相变材料构成的超构材料层,以实现热防护结构内热量的定向疏导和热能的存储与管理。采用有限元方法建立了二维超构热防护结构的数值仿真模型,分析了空域高斯分布的不均匀热载荷产生的局部高温情况,以及时域交变热载荷和阶跃热载荷造成的温度振荡情况。结果表明:超构热防护结构能够有效地缓解空域不均匀热载荷引起的局部高温,还能够显著地减弱交变和阶跃热载荷引起的温度振荡与冲击。相同载荷情况下,与传统热防护结构相比,超构热防护结构外表面最高温度降低了15.3%,稳态温度振荡幅值降低了48.6%。因此,通过引入超构材料层,不仅能够提升热防护结构的防热性能,还能增强其抗热震能力,对于未来高效热防护系统设计具有重要参考意义。

关键词: 超构材料, 热防护结构, 热传导, 热调控, 相变, 复合材料

Abstract: Based on the heat regulation and control idea of metamaterials, a novel two-dimensional metamaterial thermal protection structure was devised. Compared with conventional thermal protection structures, a metamaterial layer consisting of high thermal conductivity materials and phase change materials was added to realize directional heat transporting and thermal energy store and management. Finite element method was adpoted to build the numerical simulation model. The local high temperature produced by uneven load of Gaussian distribution in space, and temperature oscillation caused by alternating load and step load in time were analyzed in detail. The simulation results indicate that the proposed metamaterial thermal protection structure can effectively suppress local high temperature caused by uneven load in space. Moreover, the metamaterial thermal protection structure is able to weaken the temperature fluctuation and shock caused by alternating and step thermal load. In the same load cases, the highest tempature on the outer surface of metamaterial thermal protection structure is reduced by 15.3% and the amplitude of stationary temperature oscillation was reduced by 48.6%, compared with the conventional thermal protection structures. Therefore, by introducing a metamaterial lay, not only is the thermal protection capacity of the thermal protection structures improved, but also their thermal shock resistance is increased, which provides an important reference for design of efficient thermal protection systems in future.

Key words: metamaterials, thermal protection structure, heat transfer, heat control, phase change, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

陈圣兵, 王鑫, 贺旭照. 二维超构热防护结构热调控特性研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(1): 62-68.

CHEN Shengbing, WANG Xin, HE Xuzhao. Heat regulation and control of two-dimensional thermal protection sturctures with metamaterials[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(1): 62-68.

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