超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在防弹防爆复合材料中的应用进展

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20251028.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维凭借其高比强度、轻量化及优异能量吸收能力,已成为防弹防爆复合材料的核心组分。本文深入剖析了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的特性及其在复合材料防护机制中的核心作用,系统评述了其在陶瓷复合装甲、金属层合结构及混杂体系等关键应用领域的最新研究进展与性能优化策略。重点探讨了基于先进表面功能化、仿生梯度/多级结构以及多功能集成等创新策略,在提升界面强度、能量吸收效率和抗多次冲击能力方面的突破性进展。尽管已取得显著进展,其仍面临固有的耐热性瓶颈、高端纤维国产化核心制备技术以及跨尺度仿真与标准化评价体系等深层次挑战。未来发展趋势聚焦于智能响应型复合材料、绿色可持续制造以及多功能一体化等前沿方向。

关键词: 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维, 防弹防爆, 仿生结构设计, 界面改性, 能力吸收机制, 多功能一体化

Abstract: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers have become a core component in ballistic and blast-resistant composite materials due to their high specific strength, lightweight nature, and excellent energy absorption capabilities. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the properties of UHMWPE fibers and their critical role in the protective mechanisms of composite materials. It systematically reviews recent advances and performance optimization strategies in key application areas such as ceramic composite armor, metal-based laminated structures, and hybrid systems. Particular emphasis is placed on innovative strategies—such as advanced surface functionalization, biomimetic gradient/multiscale architectures, and multifunctional integration—that have led to breakthroughs in enhancing interfacial strength, energy absorption efficiency, and resistance to multiple impacts. Despite significant progress, intrinsic challenges remain, including the material’s limited thermal resistance, the lack of core domestic production technologies for high-end fibers, and the need for cross-scale simulation and standardized evaluation systems. Future development trends are expected to focus on smart responsive composites, green and sustainable manufacturing, and integrated multifunctional materials.

Key words: UHMWPE fiber, bulletproof and blast-resistant, biomimetic structural design, interfacial modification, energy absorption mechanism, multifunctional integration

中图分类号:

TB332

赵丽丽, 蒋波, 赵亮, 曹贻儒, 苏家凯, 刘美娜. 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在防弹防爆复合材料中的应用进展[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(10): 60-67.

ZHAO Lili, JIANG Bo, ZHAO Liang, CAO Yiru, SU Jiakai, LIU Meina. Advances in the application of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in ballistic and blast-resistant composite materials[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(10): 60-67.

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