热处理工艺对3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料层间性能的影响

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260228.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 3D打印连续碳纤维增强复合材料(Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites,CCFRCs)因其高强度、高模量和轻量化等优异特性,在航空、航天等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。然而,纤维与树脂之间的界面结合较弱,特别是层间界面的性能不足,已成为限制其进一步发展的重要因素。本文研究了热处理对3D打印CCFRCs层间性能及微观结构的影响。通过双悬臂梁试验,系统探讨了铺层角度、热处理温度和热处理时间等工艺参数对CCFRCs层间断裂韧性的影响,并结合扫描电镜观察断面微观形貌,揭示了热处理工艺对复合材料层间性能的影响机理。研究结果表明,与[0/0]₃铺层试件相比,[0/45]₃和[0/90]₃铺层试件的层间断裂韧性更高。热处理后,[0/90]₃试件的纤维丝束表面因附着更多基体而更加粗糙,层间黏结力显著增强。其中,60 ℃热处理2 h的[0/0]₃试件层间断裂韧性达到1.570 kJ/m²,相较于未处理试件提高了50.67%。同时,热处理时间越长,试件层间断裂韧性的提升越显著。热处理通过增强树脂的流动性、填充沉积线间孔隙以及优化纤维排布,不仅改善了CCFRCs的层间黏结性能,还改变了其层间失效模式。

关键词: 碳纤维复合材料, 3D打印, 层间断裂韧性, 界面性能

Abstract: 3D-printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced composites (CCFRCs), with their exceptional properties such as high strength, high modulus, and lightweight, have extensive application potential in the aerospace and aviation sectors. However, the weak interfacial bonding between fibers and resin, especially the inadequate interlaminar performance, has become a critical factor limiting their further development. The effects of heat treatment on the interface properties and microstructure of 3D-printed CCFRCs were investigated. Through double cantilever beam (DCB) tests, the influences of process parameters such as ply angle, heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time on the interlaminar fracture toughness of CCFRCs were systematically investigated. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fracture surface morphology, the mechanisms by which heat treatment affects the interlaminar performance of composites were revealed. The results show that the interlaminar fracture toughness of [0/45]₃ and [0/90]₃ specimens is higher than that of [0/0]₃ specimens. After heat treatment, the fiber bundles of [0/90]₃ specimens exhibit more matrix adhesion and rougher surfaces, leading to significantly improved interfacial bonding property. Among them, the interlaminar fracture toughness of [0/0]₃ specimens treated at 60 ℃ for 2 h reaches 1.570 kJ/m², representing a 50.67% increase compared to untreated specimens. In addition, longer heat treatment time results in more pronounced improvements in fracture toughness. Heat treatment enhances the interfacial bonding performance of CCFRCs and modifies their interlaminar failure mode by increasing resin fluidity, filling voids between deposition lines, and optimizing fiber alignment.

Key words: carbon fiber composite, 3D printing, interlaminar fracture toughness, interface property

中图分类号:

TB332

孙士勇, 马鑫, 汤文杰, 杨睿, 韦磊. 热处理工艺对3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料层间性能的影响[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(2): 104-110.

SUN Shiyong, MA Xin, TANG Wenjie, YANG Rui, WEI Lei. The effects of heat treatment process on the interface properties of 3D-printed continuous fiber reinforced composites[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(2): 104-110.

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