碳纤维增强复合材料结构吸能机理及其高效建模方法研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250828.004

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 24-32.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250828.004

碳纤维增强复合材料结构吸能机理及其高效建模方法研究

王锴¹, 罗俊杰^2*, 姚如洋², 庞通², 贾晓航², 余磊²

1.重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,株洲 412001;
2.湖南大学整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室,长沙 410082

收稿日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-09-23
通讯作者: 罗俊杰(1998—),男,博士,研究方向为复合材料结构轻量化设计,junjieluo@hnu.edu.cn。
作者简介:王锴(1982—),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为轨道交通车辆。
基金资助:
重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室开放课题(QZKFKT 2023-010,GZKFKT 2022-013)

Investigation on the energy absorption mechanism and high-efficiency modeling method of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures

WANG Kai¹, LUO Junjie^2*, YAO Ruyang², PANG Tong², JIA Xiaohang², YU Lei²

1. The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive, Zhuzhou 412001, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Changsha 410082, China

Received:2024-05-13 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-09-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)失效机理错综复杂,精细化仿真计算成本高、优化设计效率低。为提升CFRP吸能部件的仿真优化设计效率,本研究制备了CFRP薄壁方管,并进行轴向压溃测试。建立CFRP薄壁方管轴向压溃的多层精细化有限元模型,分析试验、仿真失效模式和吸能机理,提出了高保真、高效率的等效建模方法。试验结果表明CFRP薄壁方管渐进压溃失效模式中吸能机理复杂,主要包括纤维断裂、分层及摩擦耗能。仿真结果表明精细化有限元模型可以准确预测CFRP薄壁方管渐进压溃失效模式及其能量吸收,塑性变形及损伤是能量耗散的主要因素之一。基于渐进压溃失效模式提出的高保真、高效率等效建模方法能够准确预测CFRP薄壁方管的吸能响应,相对精细化的建模方式提升了97%的计算效率。

关键词: 碳纤维复合材料, 薄壁方管, 吸能, 渐进压溃, 有限元模型

Abstract: Failure mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) are complex, and fine-scale simulations are costly with low optimization design efficiency. To improve the simulation and optimization design efficiency of energy-absorbing components of carbon fiber composite materials, CFRP thin-walled square tubes were prepared and axial compressive crushing tests were conducted. A multi-layered and refined finite element model of the axial crushing of CFRP thin-walled square tubes was established, and the experimental and simulated failure modes and energy-absorption mechanisms were analyzed. A high-fidelity and high-efficiency equivalent modeling method was proposed. The experimental results showed that the energy-absorption mechanism of the progressive crushing failure mode of the CFRP thin-walled square tube is complex, mainly including fiber fracture, delamination, and frictional dissipation. The simulation results showed that the refined finite element model can accurately modelling the progressive crushing failure behavior and energy dissipation of the CFRP thin-walled square tube. Plastic deformation and damage are one of the main factors of energy dissipation. Based on the progressive crushing failure mode, the proposed modeling method can accurately predict the energy absorption response of the CFRP thin-walled square tube. The relatively fine modeling method has increased computational efficiency by 97%.

Key words: CFRP, thin-walled tube, energy absorption, progressive crushing, FEM

中图分类号:

TB332

王锴, 罗俊杰, 姚如洋, 庞通, 贾晓航, 余磊. 碳纤维增强复合材料结构吸能机理及其高效建模方法研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(8): 24-32.

WANG Kai, LUO Junjie, YAO Ruyang, PANG Tong, JIA Xiaohang, YU Lei. Investigation on the energy absorption mechanism and high-efficiency modeling method of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(8): 24-32.

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碳纤维增强复合材料结构吸能机理及其高效建模方法研究

Investigation on the energy absorption mechanism and high-efficiency modeling method of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures

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