ATH/EG对酚醛树脂复合材料阻燃性能的影响

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250528.007

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 50-58.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250528.007

ATH/EG对酚醛树脂复合材料阻燃性能的影响

王鑫^1,2, 曹京宜³, 倪爱清¹, 王兵², 李想², 殷文昌³, 王继辉^4*

1.武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430070;
2.洛阳船舶材料研究所, 洛阳 471039;
3.中国人民解放军92228部队, 北京 100072;
4.武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 武汉 430070

收稿日期:2024-02-23 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者: 王继辉(1962—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料,jhwang@whut.edu.cn。
作者简介:王鑫(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为树脂基复合材料。

Effect of ATH/EG on flame retardancy properties in phenolic resin composite

WANG Xin^1,2, CAO Jingyi³, NI Aiqing¹, WANG Bing², LI Xiang², YIN Wenchang³, WANG Jihui^4*

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
2. Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471039, China;
3. Unit 92228 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100072, China;
4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2024-02-23 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-07-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文通过添加不同配比的阻燃剂氢氧化铝(ATH)和阻燃剂可膨胀石墨(EG),对碳纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料(CFPF)进行了阻燃改性,并对其进行了试验研究,考察了改性前后复合材料的阻燃抑烟性能、热降解行为、力学性能和残炭形貌。试验结果表明,两种阻燃剂的加入使材料的阻燃抑烟性能和热稳定性得到明显提升。当ATH与EG的质量比为1∶2时,得到的阻燃CFPF-2复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)增长到68.4%。锥形量热测试结果表明,与未添加阻燃剂的CFPF-0相比,CFPF-2的热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、总热释放(THR)、总发烟量(TSP)和平均比消光面积(ASEA)分别下降了49.73%、65.30%、94.89%和94.63%。烟密度测试结果表明CFPF-2的最大比光密度(D_s,max)下降了93.71%,这说明ATH和EG有很好的协同阻燃效果,尤其在抑烟方面有极为显著的效果。热失重分析(TGA)结果表明,CFPF-2的残炭量提高到了13.72%,与CFPF-0的2.70%相比有明显的提升。另外,力学性能测试结果表明,ATH/EG阻燃体系可以提高CFPF复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度。

关键词: 酚醛树脂, 可膨胀石墨, 氢氧化铝, 阻燃, 抑烟, 复合材料

Abstract: In this paper, the flame retardant system of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and expandable graphite (EG) is used as to improve the fire retardancy of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composites (CFPF). The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites with different mass ratios of the two ingredients were investigated experimentally, including the smoke suppression performance, thermal degradation behavior, tensile and bending properties, and residual carbon morphology. The experimental results showed that the addition of the two flame retardants improved the flame retardancy, smoke inhibition performance, and thermal stability of the composites. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the flame retardant CFPF-2 sample in which the mass ratio of ATH and EG was 1∶2 is increased by 68.4% compared to the non-modified CFPF-0. The result of cone calorimetry test shows that the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke generation (TSP), and average specific extinction area (ASEA) of the CFPF-2 composites are improved by the addition of the two flame retardants. The pHRR, THR, TSP and ASEA of CFPF-2 decrease by 49.73%, 65.30%, 94.89% and 94.63%, respectively, compared to CFPF-0. The result of smoke density test shows that the maximum specific optical density (D_s,max) of CFPF-2 decreases by 93.71%. This indicates that ATH and EG have a very good synergistic effect, especially in smoke suppression. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that the carbon residue of CFPF-2 is increased to 13.72%, a significant improvement compared to the 2.70% of CFPF-0. In addition, the mechanical property test results show that the ATH/EG flame retardant system can improve the tensile and flexural strengths of the CFPF composites.

Key words: phenolic resin, expandable graphite, aluminum hydroxide, flame retardant, smoke suppression, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

王鑫, 曹京宜, 倪爱清, 王兵, 李想, 殷文昌, 王继辉. ATH/EG对酚醛树脂复合材料阻燃性能的影响[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(5): 50-58.

WANG Xin, CAO Jingyi, NI Aiqing, WANG Bing, LI Xiang, YIN Wenchang, WANG Jihui. Effect of ATH/EG on flame retardancy properties in phenolic resin composite[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(5): 50-58.

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ATH/EG对酚醛树脂复合材料阻燃性能的影响

Effect of ATH/EG on flame retardancy properties in phenolic resin composite

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