曲面功能复合材料结构电磁性能分析与优化

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260228.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文分析了不同曲面外形功能复合材料结构的电磁性能,掌握了功能复合材料结构水平极化电磁性能随不同曲面外形的变化规律,研究了芯材电磁性能对功能复合材料结构水平极化电磁性能的影响规律,并基于芯材和结构形式综合优化设计,实现了功能复合材料结构低频电磁性能提升。结果表明:金属状态曲面结构和曲面功能复合材料结构的水平极化平均雷达散射截面积(Radar Cross-Section,RCS)都随着弯曲程度的增加逐渐减小,曲面功能复合材料结构在不同弯曲程度下均有RCS减缩效果,随着弯曲程度增加,水平极化RCS减缩效果逐渐减弱;仅通过改变芯材电磁特性不能从根本上解决曲面结构低频电磁波高效吸收的问题,必须综合发挥功能复合材料结构电磁材料和结构的整体优势;通过引入梯度电磁芯材和优化电磁芯材填充结构,实现了功能复合材料结构低频双极化电磁性能优化提升,特别是L波段水平极化RCS减缩效果,相比单一种类电磁芯材提升幅度达到8 dB以上,获得了在1~4 GHz低频段具有高效低频减缩性能,且兼具4~12 GHz中高频段良好宽频电磁性能的功能复合材料结构。

关键词: 功能复合材料, 低频, 电磁性能, 雷达散射截面积, 电磁芯材

Abstract: This article analyzes the electromagnetic performance of functional composite material structures with different curved profiles. The variation patterns of horizontal polarization electromagnetic performance in relation to different bending extents of functional composite structures are studied. The influence of core material electromagnetic properties on the horizontal polarization electromagnetic performance of the structures is also explored. Based on both the core material and structural form, an integrated optimization design is proposed to enhance the low-frequency electromagnetic performance of the functional composite structures. The results show that the average RCS for both metallic curved structures and functional composite material structures with horizontal polarization decreases gradually with increasing bending extent. The functional composite material structures exhibit an RCS reduction effect across various bending extents, but the RCS reduction effect weakens as bending extent increases. Merely altering the electromagnetic properties of the core material does not fundamentally address the issue of efficient low-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption in curved structures. A comprehensive approach, leveraging both the electromagnetic properties of the material and the structural advantages of the composite, is essential. By introducing gradient electromagnetic core materials and optimizing the core material filling structure, the low-frequency dual-polarization electromagnetic performance of the functional composite structures is enhanced. In particular, the RCS reduction effect in horizontal polarization in the L-band exceeds 8 dB compared to using a single type of electromagnetic core material. This article achieves functional composite material structures with highly efficient low-frequency reduction performance in the 1~4 GHz range, while also maintaining good broadband electromagnetic performance in the 4~12 GHz mid-to-high-frequency range.

Key words: functional composite materials, low frequency, electromagnetic performance, radar cross section (RCS), electromagnetic core materials

中图分类号:

TB332

礼嵩明, 杨胜书, 刘雨舜, 郭闻, 邢丽英. 曲面功能复合材料结构电磁性能分析与优化[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(2): 85-91.

LI Songming, YANG Shengshu, LIU Yushun, GUO Wen, XING Liying. Electromagnetic performance analysis and optimization of curved functionally composite material structures[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(2): 85-91.

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