电磁功能结构损伤后的性能评估

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260628.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电磁功能结构兼具承载和吸波双重性能,常用于边缘部位以降低电磁散射。然而,电磁功能结构在服役过程中易受磕碰甚至冲击损伤,不仅会削弱其承载性能,还会严重影响其电磁性能。本文以电磁功能结构为研究对象,通过建立完好、贯穿损伤及蒙皮损伤等多种状态下的电磁仿真模型,分析并综合评价了其在X波段内不同俯仰角入射条件下的雷达散射截面,并结合电磁场及功率损伤密度分布,进一步探究了损伤对结构的影响机制。研究结果表明:损伤对结构吸波性能的影响具有显著的频率与角度依赖性,前端半径为30 mm的贯穿损伤导致结构雷达散射截面最大增加21.65 dB;功能结构的电磁性能衰减随损伤尺寸增大而上升,且损伤的不利影响在低频更为显著;前端蒙皮破损的危害程度与前端贯穿损伤相当,而前端损伤对结构性能的恶化程度远大于中间位置损伤,例如在半径为20 mm的损伤条件下,前端贯穿损伤与蒙皮损伤在8 GHz引起的雷达散射截面增加最大值为11.67 dB与12.00 dB,而中间损伤引起的雷达散射截面增加最大值均低于3.05 dB。

关键词: 电磁功能结构, 损伤, 电磁仿真, 雷达散射截面, 性能评估

Abstract: Electromagnetic functional structures have both load-bearing and wave-absorbing properties, and are often used at the edge to reduce electromagnetic scattering. However, electromagnetic functional structures are susceptible to impact and even shock damage during service, which not only compromises their load-bearing performance but also significantly affects their electromagnetic properties. This study focuses on the electromagnetic functional structures. Electromagnetic simulation models were established for various conditions, including intact, penetrating damage, and skin damage. The radar cross sections under different pitch angles in the X-band were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated. By examining the electromagnetic field and power loss density distribution, the mechanism through which damage influences the radar cross section of the structure was further investigated. The results indicate that the effect of damage on the structure’s wave-absorbing performance exhibits significant frequency and angle dependence. Penetrating damage with a front-end radius of 30 mm resulted in a maximum radar cross section increase of 21.65 dB. The radar cross section of the electromagnetic functional structure increased with the size of the damage, and the adverse effects of damage were more pronounced at lower frequencies. The detrimental impact of front-end skin damage was comparable to that of front-end penetrating damage, while damage at the front end had a far greater deteriorating effect on radar cross section than damage at the middle section. For instance, under damage conditions with a radius of 20 mm, the maximum radar cross section increases caused by front-end penetrating damage and skin damage at 8 GHz were 11.67 dB and 12.00 dB, respectively, whereas the maximum radar cross section increase caused by middle-section damage was below 3.05 dB.

Key words: electromagnetic functional structures, damage, electromagnetic simulation, radar cross section, performance evaluation

中图分类号:

TB332

邢宇明, 曹慧杰, 姚学锋. 电磁功能结构损伤后的性能评估[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(6): 38-45.

XING Yuming, CAO Huijie, YAO Xuefeng. Performance evaluation of electromagnetic functional structures after damage[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(6): 38-45.

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