2.5D编织石英/酚醛复合材料高温拉伸性能与损伤演化

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250828.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 石英/酚醛复合材料是一种广泛应用于航天飞行器的热防护材料,研究其高温拉伸性能及损伤机理对树脂基热防护材料应用具有重要价值。为此,本文测试了一种2.5D编织石英/酚醛复合材料的拉伸性能,测试温度范围为室温至800 ℃。利用声发射技术对室温拉伸试样损伤演化进行动态监测,结合扫描电子显微镜观察断口形貌,分析其拉伸损伤机理。结果表明,室温拉伸强度可达275 MPa,模量可达17 GPa,在室温至800 ℃范围内,2.5D编织石英/酚醛复合材料拉伸性能随温度升高逐渐下降。本文揭示了2.5D编织石英/酚醛复合材料拉伸过程中主要存在70~100 kHz、220~270 kHz、300~330 kHz三种频率范围的损伤信号,对应的损伤模式分别为基体开裂、纤维与基体脱黏和纤维断裂,并分析了拉伸损伤演化过程。

关键词: 2.5D编织石英/酚醛, 拉伸性能, 损伤演化, 声发射, 复合材料

Abstract: Quartz/phenolic composite is a kind of thermal protection material widely used in aerospace vehicles. The study of its high temperature tensile properties and damage mechanism is of great value to the application of resin-based thermal protection materials. To this end, this paper tested the tensile properties of a 2.5D braided quartz/phenolic composite (2.5D-SiO_2f/phenolic), and the test temperature range was from room temperature to 800 ℃. Acoustic emission technology is used to dynamically monitor the damage evolution of tensile specimens at room temperature, combined with scanning electron microscope to observe the fracture morphology, and analyze its tensile damage mechanism. The results show that the tensile strength at room temperature can reach 275 MPa and the modulus can reach 17 GPa. In the range of room temperature to 800 ℃, the tensile properties of 2.5D-SiO_2f/phenolic gradually decrease with increasing temperature. It is revealed that during the 2.5D-SiO_2f/phenolic stretching process, there are mainly damage signals in the frequency range of 70~100 kHz, 220~270 kHz, 300~330 kHz, corresponding to the three damage modes of matrix cracking, fiber and matrix debonding, and fiber fracture. In this way, the evolution process of tensile damage is analyzed.

Key words: 2.5D-SiO_2f/phenolic, tensile properties, damage evolution, acoustic emission, composites

中图分类号:

TB332

焦磊, 阮浩, 苏瑞意, 葛志福, 李玫, 张程煜. 2.5D编织石英/酚醛复合材料高温拉伸性能与损伤演化[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(8): 54-65.

JIAO Lei, RUAN Hao, SU Ruiyi, GE Zhifu, LI Mei, ZHANG Chengyu. Tensile properties and damage evolution of a 2.5D braided quartz/phenolic composite at elevated temperatures[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(8): 54-65.

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