COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Study on the mechanical behavior and reinforcement ratio of eccentrically loaded coral aggregate concrete short columns reinforced with CFRP bar

GUAN Jiwen, WANG Yumei, WEI Lilan, KONG Defu, CHEN Hua, XIONG Chaohua

2025, 0(2): 1-11. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.001

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To study the effects of longitudinal reinforcement ratio and eccentricity on the mechanical behavior of eccentrically loaded coral aggregate concrete short columns reinforced with carbon fiber composite (CFRP) bars, tests were carried out on 9 CFRP-coral concrete short columns and 3 plain coral concrete short columns. The effects of eccentricity (15 mm, 30 mm, 45 mm) and longitudinal reinforcement ratio (2.09%, 3.01%, 4.10%) on the cracking load, ultimate load, CFRP longitudinal reinforcement stress and coral concrete stress were analyzed and discussed, respectively. The results show that all specimens are failed by the crush of concrete on the compression side. The cracks of coral concrete are restricted effectively due to the increase of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and the cracking load, ultimate load and ductility of the specimens are also increased accordingly. The utilization rate of the strength of CFRP longitudinal bars is relatively low, the maximum stress is only 95.78 MPa, which is about 21.28% of that of the ultimate compressive strength of CFRP reinforcement. Based on the relevant theories of reinforcement ratio for flexural members, calculation methods of longitudinal reinforcement ratio for CFRP-coral concrete columns were put forward, and the values of minimum and maximum reinforcement ratio for the specimens were modified, accordingly, reasonable suggestions were proposed to practical engineering application.

Effect of high temperature environment on degradation of tensile properties of GFRP bars in concrete

LU Chunhua, LI Zhaohui, QI Zhonghao, ZHU Xuewu, XU Yifan

2025, 0(2): 12-19. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.002

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Tensile tests of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars embedded in concrete were carried out after high temperature. The variations of temperature difference between the inner and external locations of concrete specimen and the appearance changes of GFRP bars were analyzed. The degradation of tensile properties of GFRP bars was discussed and the prediction method of the tensile strength retention coefficient of GFRP bars in concrete after high temperature was proposed. The test and analysis results show that there is an obvious temperature lag phenomenon of GFRP bars placed in concrete. The temperature at the surface of GFRP bar can reach the operating temperature after about 2 h of heating in the furnace. The cover concrete can reduce the degree of looseness of the internal bars after high temperature and its protective effect on the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars is more obvious under the operating temperature of 300~350 ℃. When the operating temperature reaches 400 ℃, the tensile properties of GFRP bars decrease rapidly and the protective effect of cover concrete on the thermal insulation gradually weakens to disappear. Under the condition of 300 ℃, the constant temperature time has significant influence on the tensile strength of GFRP bars in concrete, but has little influence on its elastic modulus. Boltzmann’s function can be adopted to effectively predict the tensile strength retention of GFRP bars in concrete after high temperatures. The related research can provide references for the fire-resistant design of GFRP bars in concrete structures.

Study on the effect of alkali-treated coir fibers on the mechanical properties of seawater sea sand concrete

CHENG Yanwen, ZHAO Fei, HUANG Zhenhui, ZHANG Qingsong, LI Liangyong, XI Xinqiang

2025, 0(2): 20-27. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.003

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To address the problem of the high cost of freshwater river sand transported over long distances from land in the construction of marine and island projects, and to make resourceful use of the reinforcing and toughening properties of coir fibers, the alkali-treated coir fiber-reinforced seawater sea sand concrete was proposed as a high performance, cost-effective and low-carbon building material. By designing three kinds of macroscopic destructive tests (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural tensile strength tests), and combination of macroscopic experimental damage phenomena and microstructural electron microscopic analyses, the effects of alkali-treated coir fiber’s length and content on the mechanical properties of seawater sea sand concrete were studied and verified. The absorptivity of natural and alkali treated coir fibers was tested in different solutions, and the microstructure of the fibers was observed by electron microscopy. It is proved that alkali treatment could not only improve the roughness of coir fibers,weaken the moisture absorption rate of the fibers, but also effectively enhance the bonding effect between the fibers and the concrete.

Effect of water content on the performance of epoxy-anhydride resin and solutions

WANG Shuo, JIA Chenhui, YANG Zhiming, YAO Yalin

2025, 0(2): 28-33. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.004

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In this paper, the effects of water content on the physical and chemical properties and curing properties of epoxy resin were studied. Through varions testing methods, such as rotating rotators, differential scanning heat meters, universal testing machine, the effect of different water content on the viscosity, T_g, curing behavior and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin system were explored. The results showed that as the water content in the epoxy resin system increased, the heat resistance of epoxy resin gradually decreased, and the mechanical performance of casting decreased. Adding modest doses of MTHPA to the aqueous resin can reduce the negative effect on the curing performance of the epoxy-anhydride system impact of water content.

Prediction of long beam bending properties for co-cured honeycomb sandwich structures

NIU Fangxu, SUN Chaoming, HE Jing, YIN Hang

2025, 0(2): 34-39. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.005

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The material composition, structural form, and mechanical behavior of honeycomb sandwich structures are more complex compared to laminated structures. In order to improve the accuracy of predicting the mechanical performance for honeycomb sandwich structures, the microscopic structure and mechanical properties of the panels of co-cured honeycomb sandwich structure were analyzed. On this basis, the finite element progressive failure analysis model of long beam bending was established to predict the bending load, deformation, and failure mode. The results show that, compared to the laminate molded separately using the same prepreg, number of plies and curing process, the panels of co-cured honeycomb sandwich structure have a thinner single layer thickness and lower compression strength. The geometric structure and material parameters of the model are determined on this basis, thus ensuring the accuracy of the prediction. Comparison of predicted values with test results for ultimate bending load and the deformation at 445 N, the error values are within ±11%, and the failure location is in good agreement with the experiment.

Study on properties of domestic high thermal conductivity mesophase asphalt-based carbon fiber composites

XU Xiaokui, PAN Jiang, HAO Shang, ZHANG Juanjuan, WU Chunyan, LIU Qianli

2025, 0(2): 40-45. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.006

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In order to consolidate the engineering application foundation of domestic high thermal conductivity mesophase asphalt-based carbon fiber (MPCF) in aerospace field, the properties of domestic MPCF and its composites were studied. The micro-morphology of domestic MPCF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface chemical elements, wettability and surface energy of domestic MPCF were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy and surface interface testing instrument. The preparation process of domestic MPCF prepreg was investigated. The mechanical properties, physical and chemical properties and thermal vacuum degassing properties of domestic MPCF composites were evaluated. The results show that the roughness of domestic MPCF is higher than that of imported MPCF. The surface chemical activity, wettability and surface energy of domestic MPCF are better than those of imported MPCF. The forming process of domestic MPCF prepreg is subpar, and the interlayer shear strength of domestic MPCF composite (46.69 MPa) is comparable to that of imported MPCF composite, but other properties such as tensile, compression and bending properties are slightly lower than those of imported composite. The thermal vacuum degassing performance of domestic MPCF composite meets the requirements of space environment. The average in-plane thermal conductivity of domestic MPCF isotropic composite material is 152.1 W·m^-1·K^-1, and the thermal conductivity is slightly lower than that of imported materials, but it has more advantages of lightweight and structural-functional integration than the traditional 6063 aluminum alloy heat-expanding structure.

Numerical simulation of longitudinal debonding behavior in unidirectional fibre-reinforced composites considering hygrothermal treatment

YI Wenzhao, LIU Lulu, XU Kailong, CHEN Wei

2025, 0(2): 46-53. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.007

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The longitudinal debonding behavior around the broken fiber tip before and after hygrothermal treatment were studied by ABAQUS calculation software. The interface constitutive model of fiber and matrix is simulated by coupling the bilinear traction-separation law with Coulomb sliding friction law. The results show that the plastic properties and strain softening effect of resin also have a great influence on the interfacial debonding behavior. Generally, the better the strain softening effect of resin is, the more difficult the interface debonding; hygrothermal treatment degrades the interface performance, leads to lower stress transfer capacity, accelerates the interface stripping and produces a longer debonding zone. Hygrothermal treatment reduces the maximum SCF on adjacent fibers, confirming that poor interfaces are inefficient in stress transfer. High SCF in dry state often leads to the fracture of adjacent fibers more easily, resulting in rapid expansion of fiber fracture. This study provides assistance for a better understanding of the effect of mechanical properties on the behavior of interfaces and the effect of hygrothermal treatment on the longitudinal tensile failure of unidirectional composites.

Fiber tension fuzzy control research based on improved genetic algorithm

YAN Shan, FU Tianyu, XU Jiazhong, SHI Xinmin

2025, 0(2): 54-61. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.008

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Fiber winding is the key process in composite material manufacturing, and the precision of tension control during unwinding directly affects the quality of the wound products. To meet the requirement of constant tension during fiber winding, this paper addresses the challenges of disturbances, time-varying behavior, and non-linearity in tension control during the winding process. By establishing a torque balance equation on the unwinding side and analyzing the influence of factors such as yarn path and acceleration on tension dynamics, this paper proposes a fuzzy PID control strategy based on an improved genetic algorithm to optimize control parameters. Simulation results show that the optimized fuzzy PID controller significantly reduces tension overshoot, effectively suppresses tension fluctuations during speed disturbances, and demonstrates good robustness to parameter variations. Experimental validation confirms the feasibility of the optimized fuzzy PID controller in the tension control system.

Influence of silicone rubber core mold hole occupancy ratio on dimensional shape force transfer effect and wall panel molding quality for co-curing of hat-shaped reinforced wall panels

ZHOU Jie, ZHAO Cong, ZHOU Laishui

2025, 0(2): 62-69. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.009

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To meet the hat-shaped reinforced wall panel co-molding process of curing pressure uniform transmission, to achieve good thickness uniformity and cavity height of the parts, the hat-shaped reinforced wall plate molding process auxiliary core mold to improve, put forward a set of trapezoidal prefabricated holes in the silicone rubber thin-walled core mold-vacuum bag combination of new flexible core mold. Using the finite element simulation method, the effects of silicone rubber thin-walled core molds with different hole occupancy ratios on the uniformity of pressure transfer during the co-curing molding process of hat-shaped reinforced wall panels were investigated, and the molding accuracy of hat-shaped reinforced wall panels after curing was analyzed. The results show that: when the silicone rubber thin-wall core mold prefabricated holes in the proportion of holes between 0.68~0.84, the silicone rubber thin-wall core mold expansion is moderate and uniform, can realize the uniformity and stability of the pressure transfer, and at the same time to ensure that the hat-shaped reinforced wall plate shape accuracy. Finally, the correctness of the finite element simulation of the thermal expansion of the silicone rubber core mold was verified by experimental methods, which created a process window for achieving the uniformity of the thickness of the silicone rubber core mold-assisted hat-shaped reinforced wall plate molding.

Lamination design and performance analysis of composite aircraft auxiliary fuel tank structure

GAO Wenming, LIU Chen, NIE Haiping, YANG Mingguang, WANG Xianfeng

2025, 0(2): 70-81. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.010

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In order to reduce the weight of the aircraft and improve its maneuverability, it is crucial to apply composite materials to the lightweight design of the aircraft drop tank structure. The longitudinal tensile test results verified the accuracy of the simulation model for predicting the mechanical properties of the specimen with lightning protection function, and established a finite element model of the auxiliary fuel tank by analogy. For composite skin reinforced structures, a layup sequence optimization method is proposed. Based on the mechanical response of the skin in different layup plans of the auxiliary fuel tank under static load and impact conditions, the best layup plan is determined. The basic cycle unit of the ply angle combines each ply angle to optimize the ply sequence of the skin and complete the strength check. The results show that the maximum strain of the auxiliary fuel tank skin under static load conditions is reduced by 4.95% after optimization, and it is reduced by 12.6% under impact conditions. At the same time, the strength and stiffness of the skin are also improved, which verifies the effectiveness of this optimization method. The results of this research can provide guidance for the design and manufacture of composite shell reinforcement structures such as aircraft auxiliary fuel tanks.

Toughening vinyl ester resin by silane-modified graphene oxide

YANG Ruirui, WANG Yating, RAN Xiaolu, LIU Wanshuang

2025, 0(2): 82-90. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.011

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Vinyl ester resin, a class of general thermosetting polymers, are widely used in various industrial applications. However, cured vinyl ester resins exhibit high cross-linking density, making them brittle and prone to cracking under impact loads. In this work, silane coupling agent (KH570) was grafted on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) through a one-step reaction to obtain modified GO (m-GO). Microscopic examination showed that m-GO presented improved dispersibility in the vinyl ester resin matrix compared with unmodified GO. Accordingly, m-GO exhibits a superior toughening effect on vinyl ester resins. Compared with the neat vinyl ester resin, the addition of 0.4wt% m-GO gives 40% and 32% enhancement in critical stress intensity factor (K_ⅠC) and the critical strain energy release rate (G_ⅠC), respectively. Moreover, the addition of m-GO has almost no impact on the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of vinyl ester resins.

Research on interfacial compatibility and performance matching between cyanate ester resin and high-strength/high-modulus carbon fiber

ZHANG Yueyi, TANG Xiaohui, GAO Shangbing, LI Gang, YANG Xiaoping

2025, 0(2): 91-98. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.012

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Two kinds of stiffened cyanate ester resins (7180M and 7180S) were prepared, and the curing response and mechanical properties were compared with those of the pure resin. The stiffness and crosslinking density of 7180M and 7180S resin matrix were improved by introduction of stiff chain segments with high rigidity and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), and the tensile modulus reached 3 450 MPa (7180M) and 3 400 MPa (7180S), respectively. Compared to CCM55J/CE composites, the interfacial shear strength of CCM55J/7180M and CCM55J/7180S composites were increased by 42.5% and 30.6%, and the transverse tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of fiber bundle were increased by 152.2%, 91.6% and 18.1%, 15.5%, respectively. The enhanced interfacial properties were attributed to the widened interphase thickness and the gentle interphase modulus transition layer. The boiling water moisture uptake of CCM55J/7180M and CCM55J/7180S composites at 360 h were reduced to 0.67% and 0.83%, respectively. Mass loss and condensable volatiles were reduced to 0.11%, 0.095% and 0.04%, 0.006%. These results indicated that with the increasing modulus of matrix, the perfect structure of cross-linking network of resin matrix effectively prevented the entrance of water molecules, and improved the anti-hydrothermal and spatial properties of CCM55J/7180M and CCM55J/7180S composites.

Correlation between structural frequencies and bending fatigue life of CFRP laminates exposed in hygrothermal environment

LÜ Linze, ZHANG Zhifang, ZHENG Mingfeng, JIANG Jian

2025, 0(2): 99-107. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.013

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The fatigue performance of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminated structures can be degraded rapidly in a humid and warm environment, affecting the safety of the FRP structures and shortening their service life. To study the bending fatigue life of FRP structures in a humid and warm environment, water absorption under different temperatures were conducted on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Bending fatigue tests and modal testing were performed on the specimens that reached a state of moisture equilibrium. During the experiment, the fatigue loading was interrupted after a number of fatigue cycles, and modal testing were then conducted on the fatigue specimens to obtain the natural frequencies of the CFRP laminated plates. The results showed that fatigue failure occurred at the clamping end, mainly manifested as brittle fracture at the cross-section, with a serrated fracture surface. As the number of fatigue cycles increased, the vibrational frequencies of the CFRP specimens firstly dropped dramatically and then decreased gradually. The frequency reduction rate is following elevated temperature and wet condition (ETW)>room temperature and wet condition (RTW)>room temperature and dry condition (RTD). Compared with the RTD condition, the bending fatigue life of the FRP specimens under the RTW and ETW conditions decreased by 8.96% and 21.2% respectively, indicating that the combined effect of both temperature and humidity has a greater impact on the bending fatigue life of CFRP structures than a single factor, and the temperature has a greater impact than the humidity factor. A quantitative equation has been derived to correlate the structural frequencies and the bending fatigue life of FRP laminates. The outcomes of current work can provide a theoretical basis support for predicting the remaining bending fatigue life of FRP laminated plates through the structural frequencies.

Seismic performance analysis of a new type end plate joint of GFRP beam-column with bolted and bolt-adhesive hybrid connection

XIAO Xiao, MA Chao, ZHANG Tieshan

2025, 0(2): 108-116. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.014

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Based on ABAQUS finite element simulation software, this paper studies the seismic performance of GFRP beam-column new end-plate joints under low-cycle repeated loading with two different connection methods: bolted connection and adhesive-bolt hybrid connection. To investigate the effects of different bolt preloads and adhesive joint lengths on the seismic performance of the joints, eight specimens were designed for finite element analysis in terms of hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness degradation. The results showed that the hysteresis curve of the new end plate joints is fuller and the enclosed area is larger. With the increase of bolt preload, the load carrying capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation of the joints were improved; the stiffness of the adhesive-bolt hybrid joints also improved more than that of the bolt only joints.

Improvement of CFRP-concrete interfacial performance by resin pre-coating method

FANG Enhui, YANG Shutong, PANG Ruiyang, SUN Zhongke, LAN Tian

2025, 0(2): 117-128. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.015

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Although carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) are widely used in strengthening of concrete structures, the strengthening effectiveness is often reduced, primarily due to premature damage in the weaker sub-surface of concrete. To address this issue, the study employed resin pre-coating (RPC) solutions with different concentrations to treat the concrete surface and improve its mechanical properties. The effects of RPC treatment with volume concentrations from 10% to 50% on the load-carrying capacity, interfacial shear stress distribution and bond-slip relationship were analyzed. Besides, the enhancing mechanisms were elucidated. The results demonstrated that the epoxy resin can efficiently penetrate into the microcracks and voids in the concrete sub-surface based on the RPC treatment. The cured epoxy resin created interlocking action between the epoxy and concrete, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties of the CFRP-concrete interface and modifying the failure mode. For the C40 concrete tested in this paper, the RPC treatment with the volume concentration of 30% effectively prevented premature concrete destruction, maximizing the adhesive layer’s strength. This resulted in a 78.4% increase in the load-carrying capacity compared to the control group with no RPC treatment. Additionally, the interfacial shear strength and interfacial shear fracture energy increased by 71.7% and 3.66 times, respectively.

Dual-channel model based on multi-attention mechanism for wind turbine blade surface target recognition

KE Canyang, WEN Chuanbo

2025, 0(2): 129-136. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.016

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At present, the identification of defects in wind turbine blades mainly relies on two methods: telescopes and shutdown gondolas, but these methods have problems in accuracy and safety. With the widespread application of drone technology, the use of drones to identify surface defects on wind turbine blades has become a high-profile option. In this paper, a medium scale network combining Swin Transformer and lightweight neural network was proposed to identify the surface target of wind turbine blade using computer vision method. A dataset comprising 1 275 blade images from a coastal wind farm in East China was collected, and data augmentation techniques were employed to expand the dataset by a factor of five. In the model, the Swin Transformer served as the primary feature extractor, while the lightweight neural network functioned as the auxiliary feature extractor. The CBAM attention mechanism was introduced to enhance the model’s focus on crucial local information, and the learning rate was adjusted using the CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts strategy to optimize model performance. Experimental results show that the accuracy and F1-score of the model proposed in this paper reached 97.8% and 96.35% respectively, which are both ahead of the mainstream models of the same magnitude, providing a new method for wind turbine blade surface target recognition.

Study on compacting morphology change of plain fabric based on digital unit method

YAN Bingyue, ZHANG Zhuo, YIN Li, HE Jianfei

2025, 0(2): 137-144. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.017

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Plain woven composites are widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, ship and other fields because of their advantages of high strength, stable performance and simple structure. As a reinforced structure of composite materials, the geometric characteristics of plain fabric have an important effect on the structural properties. As a kind of flexible structure, the geometry of plain fabric yarns is easy to deform significantly under the influence of technological parameters. For glass fiber plain fabric, four kinds of composite material samples were prepared by four kinds of pressure. The internal yarn structure of four samples was scanned by micro-CT. In this paper, the digital element method is used to model the meso-scale of plain fabric, and the compacting simulation under four kinds of pressure is carried out. The results of Micro-CT scan were compared with the simulated yarn shape to verify the correctness of the simulation method and further analyze the yarn shape change process under pressure load.

Research on defect detection technology of glass fiber bundle based on machine vision

XU Dongliang, XUE Ziyang, LAI Jiuheng

2025, 0(2): 145-150. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.018

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Glass fiber bundle is a whole composed of hundreds of small glass fibers. Because of this structure, it is difficult to identify yarn-breaking defects in the production process of filament winding products. In order to solve this problem, a method based on machine vision is proposed to detect the defects of glass fiber bundles and the location of defects. The real-time image of the glass fiber bundle on the yarn road is captured by the industrial camera, and the image is transmitted to the computer. The image of each frame of the glass fiber bundle is processed by the OpenCV library, and the outline and defect characteristics of each glass fiber bundle are obtained. According to the defect characteristics, whether the glass fiber bundle is completely or partially broken is judged by the defect detection algorithm, and the location of the defect is determined by using the KNN algorithm. The movement rate of glass fiber bundle is 1 m/s, and 600 images are collected at a frame rate of 30 fps for experimental verification. The detection data show that the comprehensive accuracy is up to 96.6%, which meets the requirements of glass fiber bundle defect detection.

Research status and development trend of large composite wind power blade recycling technology

WANG Baolong, LIU Jinfan, LI Chengliang

2025, 0(2): 151-156. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250228.019

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The new energy industry which represented by wind power has been booming in recent years. Due to the stable chemical structure of epoxy resin in wind power blade, the degradation of blades is extremely slow in natural environment. With large numbers of blades servicing, the end of life cycle and scrapped blades occupy a large area of land, causing the huge environment problem. By sorting out the national policy guidance, this paper points out the urgency of wind power blade recycling and lists the current blade recycling technologies, including mechanical recovery, pyrolysis, chemical recovery and recyclable blade. The review analyzes the differences among various recycling technologies systematically. This paper also discusses the demand in future and development prospects in the recycling field.

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