Table of Content

28 August 2026, Volume 0 Issue 8

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BASIC AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE RESEARCH

Improving interfacial strength and toughness of glass fiber reinforced epoxies by sizing agents with phase separation structures

WANG Yuhao, XU Yongjun, ZHANG Dedong, PAN Chuncheng, LIU Dong, CHEN Fei

2026, 0(8):  1-10.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.001

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Glass fiber reinforced epoxies (GREs) are widely used in aerospace, wind power, and other fields, where the interface is a critical factor determining overall mechanical performance. Modifying glass fibers by sizing agents with phase separation structures to construct phase separation structures at interface can enhance both interfacial strength and toughness, resolving the inherent strength-toughness trade-off. However, the high-temperature curing required for GREs preparation disrupts intermolecular hydrogen bonds in sizing agents and destroys their phase separation structures. To address this challenge, we developed a novel polyurea (PU40) as sizing agent with phase separation structures for glass fiber modification and proposed a “room-temperature/high-temperature synergistic curing” strategy for GREs fabrication. During room-temperature curing, PU40 reacts with epoxy to form interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), locking the phase separation structures. In the subsequent high-temperature curing, hydrogen bonds weaken, but the IPNs maintain structural integrity. This successfully constructs the phase separation structures at interface. GREs prepared with PU40-modified glass fibers using this synergistic strategy achieved an interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 30.2 MPa and interfacial fracture toughness of 59.7 J·m^-2. Compared with both unmodified systems and those cured solely at high temperature, interfacial performance is significantly enhanced. This work provides a new pathway for developing high-performance GREs.

Flexural test and theoretical analysis of multi cavity pultruded profile sandwich composite panel

HAN Juan, CHEN Chen, FANG Hai

2026, 0(8):  11-18.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.002

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This paper presents a novel multi-cavity pultruded profile sandwich composite panel with a pultruded profile core and fiber-reinforced web panels and webs. The bending performance of the multi-cavity pultruded profile sandwich composite panel was investigated using four-point bending tests. The test results showed that the multi-cavity pultruded profile sandwich composite panels exhibitedcore shear and panel compression damage. The ultimate load-carrying capacity increases with the increase of the number of fiber layers, and the increase of the core fiber layer can improve the maximum ultimate load carrying capacity of 20.32%, and the increase of the overall panel fiber layer can improve the maximum ultimate load carrying capacity of 28.04%. Increasing the aspect ratio of pultruded profile sandwich composite panels increases the ultimate load carrying capacity by a maximum of 40.46%. The ultimate bearing capacity of multi-cavity pultruded profile sandwich composite panel is 204.90% of that of foam sandwich composite panel, and the specific strength and specific stiffness are also higher than those of foam sandwich composite panel. In addition, the theoretical equivalent flexural stiffness values of the pultruded profile sandwich composite panels were calculated using the classical sandwich theory, which were in good agreement with the test results.

Experimental study on the dynamic performance of the FRP poles for communication engineering

LI Zhiyuan, XIE Peng, GUO Yuhui, LIU Kun, FENG Peng

2026, 0(8):  19-27.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.003

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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are a kind of novel material, characterized by lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance and insulation. In recent years, they have gained significant popularity in electrical engineering and communication engineering. Single-tube poles represent a typical application form. With the advantages such as large deformability, fatigue resistance, good durability and ease of transportation and construction, FRP poles are particularly prominent in offshore, plateau, mountainous, and other regions. Full-scale free vibration tests for the dynamic performance were conducted on the FRP poles for communication engineering, and the dynamic responses under free vibration of the FRP poles with different specifications were obtained, and their first-order natural vibration frequency, damping ratio and the first-order shape coefficients were calculated. In the design method of the FRP poles for communication engineering, the first-order natural vibration frequency and damping ratio are crucial parameters for calculating the wind load they are subjected to. The test results of this paper provide technical references for determining the values of design parameters of the FRP poles for communication engineering.

High-speed impact damage characteristics of polyimide fiber three-dimensional woven composite

HE Zekan, YAN Jiqiang, ZHANG Daijun, XUAN Haijun, TIAN Yuchen, JIA Wenbin

2026, 0(8):  28-34.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.004

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To investigate the damage characteristics and impact resistance of polyimide (PI) fiber three-dimensional woven composites under high-speed impact, this study conducted 14 sets of ballistic impact tests, with projectile velocities ranging from 130 m/s to 300 m/s. High-speed photography and digital image correlation (DIC) technology were used for analyzing the displacement of target plates, and comparisons were made with carbon fiber three-dimensional woven composites.The test results showed that the ballistic limit of the polyimide fiber composite target plate was 293 m/s, with a maximum energy absorption of 836 J, demonstrating excellent anti-penetration ability. The main damage mechanisms included tensile fracture of fiber bundles, brittle cracking of the matrix, and local bulging. DIC data indicated that the maximum back deformation of the target plate under critical penetration, rebound, and penetration conditions was 16.2 mm, 8.3 mm, and 4.95 mm, respectively. Comparisons with carbon fiber three-dimensional woven composites revealed that the energy absorption of polyimide fiber composites was 70.6% higher than that of carbon fiber composites. Polyimide fiber composites primarily undergo ductile failure, absorbing energy through large-scale plastic deformation, while carbon fiber composites are dominated by brittle fracture and prone to sudden brittle failure. The study indicated that polyimide fiber three-dimensional woven composites possess excellent high-speed impact resistance and energy absorption capacity, and have the potential to be applied in impact-resistant structures such as aero-engine containment casing.

Study on the in-plane shear properties of ultra-thin-ply carbon fiber reinforced composites

LIU Yanpeng, YAN Qiangqiang, ZHAO Ruijie, LIANG Shaomin, REN Mingfa

2026, 0(8):  35-41.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.005

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Ultra-thin-ply composites have better mechanical properties than standard thick ply composites. The in-plane shear properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites with ply thickness of 24 μm, 55 μm, 75 μm and 100 μm are studied by tensile tests of ±45° laminates. The influence of ply thickness on hardening, necking and failure processes of specimens under loading is discussed. The shear failure mechanisms of laminates with differentply thickness are revealed. Quantitative results for shear strength and shear modulus are obtained. Results show that ultra-thin-ply composites exhibit stronger progressive damage phenomenon under shear load, with lower strength limit but larger fracture displacement. The shear strength of ultra-thin-ply composites is 15.8% higher than that of standard thick ply composites, and the shear modulus increases by 8.1%.

Evolution mechanisms of trailing edge damage in composite wind turbine blade based on multi-modal acoustic emission feature fusion

DOU Qiwei, HOU Peng, ZHOU Jiaxing, WANG Zezhou, HANG Jian, LIU Pengfei

2026, 0(8):  42-51.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.006

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Aiming at the problem that the trailing edge crack of the ultra-long wind turbine blade is difficult to identify in real time during its service, this paper takes a full-size 51.5 m glass fiber/epoxy blade as the object, and arranges 20 resonant acoustic emission sensors along the potential crack propagation path in the ground test of lead-breaking calibration-graded crack expansion-variable amplitude fatigue, and implements 5 MHz parallel acquisition and dynamic threshold triggering. The results show that the acoustic emission amplitude decays rapidly within0.2-0.5 m propagating distance, and local grinding can improve the signal strength; the change of the trigger threshold will cause obvious statistical drift of the acoustic emission characteristics, and the actual monitoring should adopt the background noise +3 dB baseline. The accumulated energy decays exponentially along the normal direction of the crack, forming a “peak-valley” spatial pattern, revealing the coupling mechanism of crack tip stress enhancement and wave attenuation; the crack propagates steadily within 40-60 h, and the high-frequency hotspot is confined to the crack tip. After entering the instability stage at 60-70 h, the high-frequency area expands rapidly along the span and chord directions. The three parameters of energy, center of mass frequency and amplitude are reduced in dimension by t-SNE to form a continuous spectrum band, which can clearly separate the three stages of crack initiation, steady state and instability. The statistical characteristics of acoustic emission show certain regularities in the three stages, providing a physically explainable criterion for the online early warning of cracks on the trailing edge of the blade.

Study on the fracture behavior and characteristics of the interlaminar interface of FRP sand inclusion pipe

FENG Jianli, WANG Yanchao, LIAN Haikun, SUN Yinghui, WANG Qingzhou

2026, 0(8):  52-60.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.007

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In engineering applications, the interlayer interface between the winding layer and sand-embedded layer in glass fiber reinforced plastic mortar (GRPM) pipes is prone to delamination failure, which reduces the service life of the pipes. An interlayer interface cohesive fracture model was constructed based on in-situ tensile testing to analyze the influence of matrix and weak interface fracture parameters on the evolution of interlayer interface cracks and their mechanical behavior. The results show that although changes in the matrix cohesive parameters do not affect the crack initiation time, their strengthening significantly delays crack propagation, effectively suppressing particle-matrix debonding and interlayer delamination-induced synergistic failure, thereby enhancing overall tensile strength. The coupling effect between the matrix/particle interface and interlayer interface plays a significant role in regulating the crack evolution path. Improving interface strength can shorten the crack length, delay its initiation, and enhance tensile performance. Properly optimizing the interlayer interface also helps to improve the overall mechanical properties and fracture toughness.

Compressive behavior of J-type stiffened panels made of polyimide composite

ZHONG Xiaodan, HUANG Chaoran, WANG Haosen, GAO Zongzhan, GENG Xiaoliang

2026, 0(8):  61-69.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.008

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This study conducts both numerical simulations and experimental investigations on the compressive behavior of J-type stiffened panels made of polyimide composite under ambient and high-temperature (350 ℃) conditions. Compression tests at room temperature and 350 ℃ were performed to obtain the buckling load, failure load, strain-load relationships, and structural failure modes of the panels. Based on a sequential coupling method, finite-element simulations were carried out to analyze the temperature distribution and thermal strain of the panels under one-sided heating, revealing the compressive failure process, buckling load, and failure patterns at elevated temperature. The results show that high-temperature exposure significantly weakens the compressive capacity of the panels, especially the post-buckling load-carrying ability. The failure modes at both high and ambient temperatures are similar, characterized mainly by inter laminar fiber failure. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data, with errors within 10%. This research provides both theoretical and experimental foundations for performance prediction and engineering application of polyimide composite stiffened panels under high-temperature service conditions.

Investigation on the cure kinetics model of epoxy resin filled with hollow glass microspheres

SHU Liwei, ZHANG Ying, GAO Jincheng, HU Xueqin, DING Anxin

2026, 0(8):  70-78.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.009

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A systematic study was conducted on the curing behavior of hollow glass microsphere-filled epoxy resin systems through experiments and kinetic modeling. Initially, non-isothermal DSC experiments were performed to investigate the influence of heating rates on curing exothermic reactions. Results demonstrate that with increasing heating rates, the exothermic peak shifts to higher temperatures, accompanied by enhanced peak width and magnitude, elevated heat flow, and accelerated reaction rates. Fitting analyses using n-order reaction and autocatalytic kinetic models reveal superior agreement of experimental data with the autocatalytic model across various heating rates. Subsequently, isothermal DSC experiments at 50 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, and 90 ℃ were conducted to analyze curing processes under constant temperatures. The results indicate significant acceleration of reaction rates at elevated temperatures in hollow glass microsphere-filled epoxy systems, though complete conversion (100%) remained unattainable due to diffusion-controlled reaction stages. Comparatively, sluggish curing kinetics and lower conversion degrees were observed at lower temperatures. By integrating Kamal model fitting with isothermal data, a comprehensive kinetic equation for isothermal curing was established.

Preparation and properties of lightweight low dielectric quartz fiber/epoxy resin composites

GAO Chang, LUAN Yihao, SONG Li, SHAO Mingzhe, LI Jie, WANG Juntao, LU Yilin, LIU Zhanshuo

2026, 0(8):  79-87.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.010

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A lightweight and low dielectric quartz fiber/epoxy resin based composite material has been developed to meet the requirements of low thermal conductivity and low dielectric performance in the aerospace industry. The thermal behavior of the material was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its density, thermal conductivity and dielectric constant were investigated using a solid density meter, thermal conductivity tester and vector network analyzer. The results show that the amount of curing agent has a significant impact on the crosslinking reaction efficiency of epoxy resin. The crosslinking reaction efficiency is the highest and the curing exothermic enthalpy value is the best when the amount of curing agent is 45%(based on the mass of epoxy resin). When the amount of foaming agent is 5%, the density of the prepared quartz fiber/epoxy resin composite material is reduced by 27% compared with the unfrothed epoxy resin composite material, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 11%, the dielectric constant is reduced by 31%, and the dielectric loss is reduced by 48%.

Axial compression performance of GFRP-reinforced circular stirrup double-constrained ECC concrete columns

ZHANG Yunfeng, XU Yaoxiang, MA Jinhui, LI Bingjun, TENG Zhenchao, WANG Tong

2026, 0(8):  88-95.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.011

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To investigate the axial compression performance of square GFRP tube-circular stirrup double-constrained fiber-reinforced concrete columns, six composite columns were designed and subjected to axial compression tests. The failure states of the fiber-reinforced composite columns under axial compression were observed, and the effects of different fiber content and stirrup spacing on the axial compression performance of the composite columns were analysed based on load-displacement curves. A theoretical formula for calculating the axial compression capacity of fiber-reinforced composite columns was proposed. The results indicate that, under the same stirrup spacing, as the fiber content increases, both the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the composite columns increase to varying degrees. Compared to composite columns with a fiber content of 1%, those with a fiber content of 1.5% exhibit an increase in ultimate bearing capacity by 12.4% to 14.3% and an increase in ductility by 24.6% to 36.8%. Furthermore, under the same fiber content, as the stirrup spacing increases, the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of the composite column specimens decrease to varying degrees.Finally, based on the calculation formula of axial compression bearing capacity proposed in this paper, the calculation results are in good agreement with the test results, which provides a reference for the engineering applications related to real-world engineering applications.

Numerical and experimental study on shear stability of composite panels with cutout

YANG Yongjia, ZHOU Liangchen, LIU Chuanjun

2026, 0(8):  96-101.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.012

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Numerical simulation, analytical calculation and experimental research on the shear stability of composite stiffened panels with openings are carried out, verifying the accuracy of the finite element simulation analysis in this paper. Through numerical simulation, the influence of different stringer configurations on the stress concentration at the openings and the shear stability is studied. The relevant conclusions can provide technical references for the structural design of composite stiffened panels with cutout.

DESIGN AND TECHNIQUE

Mechanistic investigation of reinforcement in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) page-type adhesive-bonded joints

YANG Mo, XI Jianan, WAN Shuai, HU Jinkai, XUAN Hao, ZHOU Yuebin

2026, 0(8):  102-108.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.013

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A comb-shaped page type adhesive joint structure was proposed to enhance the tensile performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) connections. A finite element analysis model of the joint was established based on the Hashin failure criterion and cohesive zone model (CZM), while page-type joints and single-lap joints were designed, fabricated, and subjected to tensile tests. Results demonstrate that: the simulated failure load of the page-type joint is 19 666 N, with an experimental mean value of 16 729 N (14.9% deviation). The failure modes include cohesive damage in the adhesive layer and fiber tearing in CFRP adherends, and the consistent failure morphologies between simulation and experiments validate the accuracy of the finite element model. Compared with single-lap joints of the same dimensions, the page-type joint exhibits a 4.09-fold increase in average failure load. Structural optimization of the page-type joint enables balanced strength design between the adhesive layer and adherends, providing an efficient design solution for lightweight composite connections.

Ply angle optimization of composite shell structure based on lamination parameters

LIU Xingwei, SUN Wenbo, HOU Jiaqi, ZHANG Lanting, JIA Chunxiao, SUN Pengwen

2026, 0(8):  109-114.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.014

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Optimizing composite laminates with ply angle as a design variable poses challenges such as multiple design variables, susceptibility to local optima, and multiple solutions. To address the problems, a fiber ply angle optimization method based on lamination parameters is proposed in this paper. The method consists of two stages: optimizing of lamination parameters and converting the optimized lamination parameters into the corresponding fiber angle distribution. The relationship between lamination parameters and fiber ply angle and feasible region of lamination parameters are given, and the optimization mathematical models are established respectively. Numerical examples show that the fiber ply angle is improved, the stiffness and strength of the shell structure are enhanced. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method have been verified.

Study on the effect of repair techniques on the residual strength of asymmetric composites

MA Mingze, MENG Qingchun, XIONG Xin, WANG Shiming, WU Fuqiang, WANG Guanhua

2026, 0(8):  115-123.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.015

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A study was conducted on the residual strength of asymmetrical composite materials after scratch damage repair. Tensile tests were performed on composite specimens repaired using both patch and scarf repair techniques to compare the effectiveness of different repair methods. A numerical simulation model was developed to analyze the repaired specimens, and the accuracy of the model was validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data. To further investigate the influence of repair parameters on the effectiveness of scarf repairs, the ultimate loads for different overlap widths were calculated, and the optimal strength recovery factors corresponding to various thicknesses and overlap configurations were determined. The results show that the patch repair technique is effective for surface scratch damage, achieving up to 90% strength recovery. The stepped scarf repair method demonstrated better performance than the double-layer lap repair. However, the repair effectiveness decreases with increasing composite thickness.

Optimization method of shape adjustment process parameters for composite panels of aircraft wing-body fairing based on BPNN and NSGA-Ⅱ

LI Xinxin, ZHAO Cong, AN Luling, ZHANG Xuezhuang, WANG Qi

2026, 0(8):  124-135.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.016

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Wing-body fairing composite panels are prone to shape deviations after manufacturing, which can degrade the aerodynamic performance of aircraft and therefore require shape adjustment during assembly. To address the low optimization efficiency and the difficulty in effectively controlling adjustment force during the shape adjustment process, an optimization method for shape adjustment process parameters based on back propagation neural network (BPNN) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) was proposed. Deformation and force prediction models for the panel to be assembled were established and embedded into a multi-objective optimization framework. Using the ideal point method, the optimal layout and driving displacements of adjustment units were efficiently obtained by simultaneously considering contour accuracy and adjustment force. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves optimization efficiency while ensuring prediction accuracy, and provides a reliable technical route for the high-quality assembly and shape adjustment of composite panels in practice.

Influence of laser-treated copper cladding on mode-Ⅰ fracture toughness in conformal antennas

XU Liang, YUAN Guoqing

2026, 0(8):  136-143.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.017

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The copper-clad surface of antennas is typically smooth, requiring surface treatment when preparing conformal load-bearing antenna structures. Compared to sandblasting, laser surface treatment offers higher reliability and controllability. In this study, a nanosecond infrared laser was used to treat the copper-clad surface of a PI-copper film. The resulting quasi-conformal load-bearing antenna structure wasevaluatedusing double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens todeterminethe mode-Ⅰ fracture toughness (G_ⅠC).The results show that laser surface treatment increases G_ⅠC by 542%. Additionally, it was observed that cracks, which initially propagated along the copper-clad interface, shifted to other interfaces after laser treatment. Numerical simulations were conducted using ABAQUS software, where a DCB model was established with cohesive elements. The simulation results indicate that when the cohesive element thickness is 0.1 mm, the maximum delamination failure force reaches 64.9 N, with an 11.3% deviation from experimental results.

Study on the compatibility between domestic T800 grade carbon fiber sizing and resin matrix

TIAN Tiebing, LU Jiahui, BAI Yu, PENG Gongqiu, LI Guoli, CAO Zhenghua

2026, 0(8):  144-152.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.018

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Characterization methods such as a rheological analyzer, FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) were used to analyze the viscosity-temperature characteristics and chemical compositions of domestic T800 grade carbon fiber sizing agents produced by wet-spinning and dry-jet wet spinning processes, as well as high temperature epoxy resins. The curing reaction kinetic characteristics of the sizing agents and the resin were investigated, and the reaction characteristics and compatibility between the sizing agents and the resin were studied. The research results showed that the sizing agents of the two spinning processes have a high degree of compatibility with the reaction performance of the BA9918E resin. The resin molecules and sizing agent molecules can penetrate each other. The activation energy of GW800G carbon fiber sizing agent is equivalent to that of BA9918E resin, and it is easier to chemically bond with the active groups on the carbon fiber surface and the epoxy resin. The addition of the sizing agent advances the exothermic reaction of the resin, and the functional groups change during the reaction process of the sizing agent/resin mixture system, indicating that a chemical reaction can occur between the resin and the sizing agent. This indicates the carbon fiber sizing agent and the epoxy resin have good chemical reactivity, which is conducive to the formation of a good interfacial compatibility between the carbon fiber and the resin.

REVIEW

Recent progress in cross-scale and structure-function integrated manufacturing technologies for advanced composites

GUO Hongyuan, JIAO Weicheng, LU Qiao, PENG Qingyu, HONG Yi, SUI Chao, HE Xiaodong

2026, 0(8):  153-164.  DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.019

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Advanced composites, as a strategic cornerstone of modern industry and technological revolution, are profoundly changing the technological landscape of aerospace, transportation, energy, and biomedicine. This paper focuses on cross-scale manufacturing of advanced composites, process mechanics and equipment forming of complex components, and integrated structural-functional/intelligent design and applications. It systematically identifies the core challenges currently faced in the precise construction of cross-scale structures, the controllable forming of strongly coupled process flows, and low-cost, large-scale manufacturing for engineering applications. Furthermore, it refines key scientific issues related to multi-level structural control, process mechanical behavior, and process-design-molding synergy. By integrating relevant research, this paper summarizes the evolving trends in this field: from experience-driven to mechanism-driven approaches, from offline optimization to closed-loop control, and from single-function load-bearing to multifunctional integration. Finally, it proposes development recommendations from the perspectives of interdisciplinary collaboration, intelligent digital manufacturing, green and low-carbon development, and standardized evaluation, aiming to provide a reference for the high-quality development of advanced composite manufacturing technologies.