风电叶片防除冰电加热膜的防雷击性能模拟研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260728.012

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (7): 100-107.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260728.012

风电叶片防除冰电加热膜的防雷击性能模拟研究

卢家骐¹, 蒋慧², 陈超², 唐少春^3*

1.中材科技(酒泉)风电叶片有限公司,酒泉 735000;
2.海安南京大学高新技术研究院,海安 226600;
3.南京大学现代工程与应用科学学院,南京 210023

收稿日期:2025-06-24 修回日期:2025-08-01 接受日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-08-06
通讯作者: 唐少春(1979—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究领域为复合材料设计制备及其在风电叶片上的应用研究,tangsc@nju.edu.cn。
作者简介:卢家骐(1981—),男,学士,高级工程师,研究领域为风电叶片智能制造。
基金资助:
重点研发计划-工业领域(25YFGF001)

Simulation study on lightning strike resistance performance of electric heating film for anti-ice andde-ice of wind turbine blades

LU Jiaqi¹, JIANG Hui², CHEN Chao², TANG Shaochun^3*

1. Sinoma Wind Power Blade (Jiuquan) Co., Ltd., Jiuquan 735000, China;
2. Haian Institute of High-Tech Research, Nanjing University, Haian 226600, China;
3. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2025-06-24 Revised:2025-08-01 Accepted:2025-08-04 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风电叶片在低温高湿环境下运行时极易结冰,严重劣化其气动性能并大幅降低发电效率。电加热膜因其高效融冰、轻量化及长寿命等优势,已成为风电叶片防除冰的关键技术。然而,电加热膜作为叶片表面的分布式导电结构,在雷暴天气下更易遭受雷击,瞬态强电流和高电压可能引发电热耦合损伤,抗雷击性能不足是影响风电机组可靠性的关键因素。本文针对风电叶片电加热膜的抗雷击性能问题,采用有限元分析方法,建立了精细化的电热耦合模型。在此模型基础上,模拟不同雷电流波形下电加热膜的电热响应特性,并对比分析了多层防护结构对防雷击性能的影响。研究表明,采用高密度防雷铜网(195 g/m²)结合树脂增强层的复合结构,可显著降低雷击瞬间电加热膜内部的电场集中和温度梯度,提升电加热膜抵抗瞬态高电压击穿和热损伤的能力。本研究为风电叶片防除冰电加热膜的结构优化提供了重要的理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 电加热膜, 防雷击性能, 有限元分析, 风电叶片, 多层防护

Abstract: Wind turbine blades are highly susceptible to icing when operating in low-temperature and high-humidity environments, which severely degrades their aerodynamic performance and significantly reduces power generation efficiency. Electric heating films have emerged as a key technology for wind turbine blade anti-icing/de-icing due to their advantages such as efficient ice melting, lightweight nature, and long lifespan. However, as a distributed conductive structure integrated onto the blade surface, electric heating films are more vulnerable to lightning strikes during thunderstorms. The transient high current and voltage can induce significant electrothermal coupling damage, making insufficient lightning resistance a critical factor affecting the reliability of wind turbine systems. Addressing the lightning resistance performance of wind turbine blade electric heating films, this paper employs the finite element analysis method to establish a detailed electrothermal coupling model. Based on this model, the electrothermal response characteristics of the electric heating film under different lightning currentwaveforms are simulated, and the influence of multi-layer protection structures on lightning resistance performance is comparatively analyzed. Research indicates that adopting a composite structure combining a high-density lightning protection copper mesh (195 g/m²) with a resin reinforcement layer can significantly reduce electric field concentration and temperature gradients within the electric heating film during a lightning strike, thereby enhancing its ability to resist transient high voltage breakdown and thermal damage. This study provides an important theoretical basis and a technical reference for the structural optimization of anti-icing/de-icing electric heating films for wind turbine blades.

Key words: electric heating film, lightning protection performance, finite element analysis, wind turbine blade, multi-layer protection

中图分类号:

TB332

卢家骐, 蒋慧, 陈超, 唐少春. 风电叶片防除冰电加热膜的防雷击性能模拟研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(7): 100-107.

LU Jiaqi, JIANG Hui, CHEN Chao, TANG Shaochun. Simulation study on lightning strike resistance performance of electric heating film for anti-ice andde-ice of wind turbine blades[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(7): 100-107.

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风电叶片防除冰电加热膜的防雷击性能模拟研究

Simulation study on lightning strike resistance performance of electric heating film for anti-ice andde-ice of wind turbine blades

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