轻质预浸料复合材料机翼设计与有限元分析

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260928.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着航空航天技术向轻量化、低成本方向发展,对复合材料综合性能的要求越来越高。本文选取某型号低速固定翼无人机翼型NACA2415为研究对象,设计了纯碳纤维材料结构、PMI泡沫夹层结构和轻质预浸料夹层结构三种不同形式的机翼,并进行生产制备。随后进行了静力加载试验,同时采用有限元分析对机翼进行校核,给出了机翼的应力、形变和Tsai-Wu指数结果,对比得出最优的复合材料结构设计形式,并通过静力试验验证有限元分析结果的准确性。研究结果表明,轻质预浸料夹层结构在满足该机翼力学承载要求的同时,使机翼整体重量减轻了36.9%,达到了轻量化、低成本的目的。

关键词: 复合材料, 机翼设计, 轻量化, 有限元, 静力试验

Abstract: As aerospace technology advances towardlightweight and low-cost solutions,the performancerequirements forcomposite materials have become increasingly demanding. In this paper, a certain type of low-speed fixed-wing UAV airfoil NACA2415 was selected as the research object, and three different forms of wings were designed, including pure carbon fiber material structure, PMI foam sandwich structure and lightweight prepreg sandwich structure, and then the static loading test was carried out, and the finite element analysis was used to check the wing, and the stress, deformation and Tsai-Wu index results of the wing were given, and the optimal composite structure design form was compared. Finally, the accuracy of the finite element analysis results is verified by a static test. The results show that the lightweight prepreg sandwich structure meets the mechanical bearing requirements of the wing, and reduces the overall weight of the wing by 36.9%, achieving the purpose of light weight and low cost.

Key words: composite, wing design, lightweight, finite element, static test

中图分类号:

TB332

汤贺, 余启勇, 许俊祥, 李明明, 刘光亚, 卢小斌, 刘蒙恩. 轻质预浸料复合材料机翼设计与有限元分析[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(9): 122-130.

TANG He, YU Qiyong, XU Junxiang, LI Mingming, LIU Guangya, LU Xiaobin, LIU Mengen. Lightweight prepreg composite wing design and finite element analysis[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(9): 122-130.

参考文献

[1] 徐林, 刘传军, 赵崇书. 复合材料在民用飞机应用与发展趋势[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2024(9): 98-104.
Xu Lin, Liu Chuanjun, Zhao Chongshu. Application and development trends of composite materials in civil aircraft[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2024(9): 98-104.
[2] Zhou Junjie, Liu Bin, Wang Shengnan. Finite element analysis on impact response and damage mechanism of composite laminates under single and repeated low-velocity impact[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022, 129: 107810.
[3] 张驰, 郑锡涛, 刘振东. 轻型复合材料泡沫夹层机翼结构设计与分析[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2013, 31(6): 884-890.
Zhang Chi, Zheng Xitao, Liu Zhendong. Design and analysis of a light composite wing with foam core sandwich structure[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2013, 31(6): 884-890.
[4] 刘峰, 乔宇, 李雪江, 等. 轻木夹芯/碳纤维复合材料结构后推构型无人机机身设计与分析[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2024(4): 56-62, 96.
Liu Feng, Qiao Yu, Li Xuejiang, et al. Design and analysis of the back-thrust drone fuselage with balsa core and carbon fiber sandwich composite structure[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2024(4): 56-62, 96.
[5] Basri E I, Mustapha F, Sultan M T H, et al. Conceptual design and simulation validation based finite element optimisation for tubercle leading edge composite wing of an unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2019, 8(5): 4374-4386.
[6] Elumalai E S, Asokan R, Pragadheswaran S, et al. Impact analysis on an integrated carbon composite wing spar of fixed wing aircraft[J/OL]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023. https://www.science-direct.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214785323021545.
[7] 沈真. 复合材料结构设计手册[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2001: 1, 75-80.
Shen Zhen.Composite structures clesign manual[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2001: 1, 75-80.
[8] 赵立杰, 李凯, 常莹莹, 等. 复合材料机翼前缘柔性机构拓扑优化设计[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2020(9): 75-79.
Zhao Lijie, Li Kai, Chang Yingying, et al. Topology optimization for compliant mechanism of composite wing leading edge[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2020(9): 75-79.
[9] 马泽超, 胡业发, 冯正峰, 等. 基于碳纤维复合材料轻木夹芯结构的起重机副臂架设计[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2021(9): 62-67.
Ma Zechao, Hu Yefa, Feng Zhengfeng, et al. Design of crane jib frame based on sandwich structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and balsa wood[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2021(9): 62-67.
[10] Liang Lu, Wan Zhiqiang, Yang Chao. Aeroelastic optimization on composite skins of large aircraft wings[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55(4): 1078-1085.
[11] 林壮壮. 无人机复合材料机翼结构分级优化研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2019.
Lin Zhuangzhuang. Study on structural classification optimization of composite wing of UAV[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019.
[12] 叶枝全, 马昊旻, 丁康, 等. 水平轴风力机桨叶的实验模态分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2001, 22(4): 473-476.
Ye Zhiquan, Ma Haomin, Ding Kang, et al. Experimental model ananlysis of the rotor blade of the horizontal axis wind turbine[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2001, 22(4): 473-476.
[13] Qiu Xiaohui, Li Shenlan, Lei Jiaxing, et al. Modal analysis for trailing edge of morphing wing of composite material[J]. IOPConference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, 382: 022013.
[14] 王旭. 某无人机结构静强度分析[D]. 南昌: 南昌航空大学, 2013.
Wang Xu. The analysis of static strength for an unmanned aerial vehicle[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang Hangkong University, 2013.
[15] 杨加明, 王旭, 冯立华, 等. 基于ABAQUS的无人机机翼结构的强度及模态分析[J]. 南昌航空大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 26(3): 1-5.
Yang Jiaming, Wang Xu, Feng Lihua, et al. Strength and modal analysis of the wing's configuration for UAV based on ABAQUS[J]. Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University (Natural Sciences), 2012, 26(3): 1-5.
[16] 刘峰, 高鸿渐, 喻辉, 等. 基于有限元的四旋翼无人机碳纤维结构优化设计与固有模态分析[J]. 玻璃钢/复合材料, 2017(4): 17-23.
Liu Feng, Gao Hongjian, Yu Hui, et al. The optimization design of quadrotor UAV carbon fiber structure and natural vibration analysis based on finite element method[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, 2017(4): 17-23.
[17] 庄妍, 王康宇. 基于Von-Mises屈服准则的结构安定性研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2016, 12(增刊1): 170-174, 191.
Zhuang Yan, Wang Kangyu. Shakedown analysis of structures obeying von-mises criterion[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2016, 12(S1): 170-174, 191.
[18] 陈薇薇, 陈万吉. 关于无人机机翼复合材料结构模拟及有限元分析[J]. 飞机设计, 2012, 32(1): 15-18.
Chen Weiwei, Chen Wanji. On the simulation of UAV composite structure and it's analysis by FEM[J]. Aircraft Design, 2012, 32(1): 15-18.
[19] 刘嘉, 熊俊, 赵新新, 等. 某通用飞机复合材料机翼静力强度的有限元分析与试验研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2020(2): 39-43.
Liu Jia, Xiong Jun, Zhao Xinxin, et al. Finite element analysis and experimental study on static strength of composite wing of a general aircraft[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2020(2): 39-43.
[20] 蒋建军, 何利军, 何建, 等. 复合材料整体成型大后掠机翼设计与验证研究[J]. 科技资讯, 2024, 22(1): 98-101.
Jiang Jianjun, He Lijun, He Jian, et al. Research of the design and verification of highly swept-back wings based on the integral molding of composite materials[J]. Science & Technology Information, 2024, 22(1): 98-101.
[21] 王凯, 熊晨曦, 贺强. 超轻复合材料机翼结构设计及成型技术研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2020(4): 72-78.
Wang Kai, Xiong Chenxi, He Qiang. Research on the technology of structure design and forming of ultra-light composite wing[J]. Composites Science and Engineering, 2020(4): 72-78.