基于声发射多模态特征融合的复合材料风电叶片后缘损伤演化机理

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.006

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 42-51.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260828.006

基于声发射多模态特征融合的复合材料风电叶片后缘损伤演化机理

窦奇玮¹, 侯鹏², 周加兴¹, 王泽洲¹, 杭健^1*, 刘鹏飞^3*

1.东台双创新能源开发有限公司,东台 224200;
2.浙江省白马湖实验室有限公司,杭州 310051;
3.浙江大学海洋学院,舟山 316021

收稿日期:2025-07-25 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-09-24
通讯作者: 杭健(1997—),男,学士,助理工程师,研究方向为海上风电工程建设和运营管理,1297865948@ qq.com。刘鹏飞(1979—),男,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为复合材料结构,pfliu@ zju.edu.cn。
作者简介:窦奇玮(1990—),男,学士,工程师,研究方向为海上风电工程建设和运营管理。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52475171);基于多源数据融合的风机叶片结构状态监测系统研究及应用示范(ZNKJ-2024-071)

Evolution mechanisms of trailing edge damage in composite wind turbine blade based on multi-modal acoustic emission feature fusion

DOU Qiwei¹, HOU Peng², ZHOU Jiaxing¹, WANG Zezhou¹, HANG Jian^1*, LIU Pengfei^3*

1. Dongtai Shuangchuang New Energy Development Co., Ltd., Dongtai 224200, China;
2. Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China;
3. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China

Received:2025-07-25 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-09-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对超长风电叶片服役过程中后缘裂纹难以实时判别的问题,本文以一根全尺寸51.5 m玻璃纤维/环氧叶片为对象,在断铅标定—分级扩缝—变幅疲劳的地面试验中,沿裂纹潜在扩展路径布设20只谐振声发射传感器,实施5 MHz并行采集与动态门限触发。结果表明:声发射幅值在传播距离0.2~0.5 m内快速衰减,局部打磨可提升信号强度;触发门限改变会导致声发射特征出现明显统计漂移,实际监测宜采用固定基线。累计能量沿裂纹法向呈指数衰减,形成“端峰中谷”空间格局,揭示裂尖应力强化机理;40~60 h内裂纹稳定扩展,高频热点局限于裂尖,60~70 h转入失稳阶段后,高频区沿展向与弦向迅速扩张。将能量、质心频率与幅值三参量经t-SNE降维后形成连续谱带,可清晰分离起裂、稳态与失稳三阶段,声发射统计特征在三个阶段展现一定规律,为叶片后缘裂纹的在线预警提供了物理可解释的判据。

关键词: 声发射, 风电叶片, 后缘裂纹, 衰减试验, 阈值效应, 损伤演化

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the trailing edge crack of the ultra-long wind turbine blade is difficult to identify in real time during its service, this paper takes a full-size 51.5 m glass fiber/epoxy blade as the object, and arranges 20 resonant acoustic emission sensors along the potential crack propagation path in the ground test of lead-breaking calibration-graded crack expansion-variable amplitude fatigue, and implements 5 MHz parallel acquisition and dynamic threshold triggering. The results show that the acoustic emission amplitude decays rapidly within0.2-0.5 m propagating distance, and local grinding can improve the signal strength; the change of the trigger threshold will cause obvious statistical drift of the acoustic emission characteristics, and the actual monitoring should adopt the background noise +3 dB baseline. The accumulated energy decays exponentially along the normal direction of the crack, forming a “peak-valley” spatial pattern, revealing the coupling mechanism of crack tip stress enhancement and wave attenuation; the crack propagates steadily within 40-60 h, and the high-frequency hotspot is confined to the crack tip. After entering the instability stage at 60-70 h, the high-frequency area expands rapidly along the span and chord directions. The three parameters of energy, center of mass frequency and amplitude are reduced in dimension by t-SNE to form a continuous spectrum band, which can clearly separate the three stages of crack initiation, steady state and instability. The statistical characteristics of acoustic emission show certain regularities in the three stages, providing a physically explainable criterion for the online early warning of cracks on the trailing edge of the blade.

Key words: acoustic emission (AE), wind turbine blade, trailing edge crack, attenuation test, threshold effect, damage evolution

中图分类号:

TB332

窦奇玮, 侯鹏, 周加兴, 王泽洲, 杭健, 刘鹏飞. 基于声发射多模态特征融合的复合材料风电叶片后缘损伤演化机理[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(8): 42-51.

DOU Qiwei, HOU Peng, ZHOU Jiaxing, WANG Zezhou, HANG Jian, LIU Pengfei. Evolution mechanisms of trailing edge damage in composite wind turbine blade based on multi-modal acoustic emission feature fusion[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(8): 42-51.

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基于声发射多模态特征融合的复合材料风电叶片后缘损伤演化机理

Evolution mechanisms of trailing edge damage in composite wind turbine blade based on multi-modal acoustic emission feature fusion

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