碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉挤成型工艺研究进展

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260428.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 拉挤成型工艺以其高生产效率、高原材料利用率、优异的可设计性等特点在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)生产中有着独特的优势,被广泛应用于风电叶片、航空航天等各个领域。本文综述了拉挤成型工艺的应用现状。以树脂作为基体材料,按照热固性树脂和热塑性树脂分类,对拉挤成型CFRP进行了详细的讨论。拉挤型材的截面结构主要有一字形、工字形、圆形等。讨论了拉挤工艺的详细过程以及相应的优化设计方案,包括纤维排纱、纤维浸胶、固化成型等;阐述了拉挤成型复合材料的性能测试与评价,包括拉伸、弯曲、层间断裂韧性等力学测试手段,以及无损检测、抗老化测试等性能检测方法。最后,对复合材料的回收和拉挤成型工艺在CFRP中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料, 热固/热塑性树脂, 拉挤成型, 性能测试, 应用现状

Abstract: Pultrusion process possesses unique advantages in the production of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) due to its high productivity, high raw material utilization, and outstanding designability. It is widely used in various fields such as wind turbo blade and aeronautics. This paper reviews the pultrusion application status. Since resin plays the role of matrix materials of CFRP, we discuss in detailthe pultrusion related to the classification of thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. Thermosetting resin possesses low viscosity, low molding temperature and a series of advantages, including epoxy resin, polyester resin. The most obvious characteristic of thermoplastic resin is recyclability, but the high viscosity and high molding temperature restrict its application. The specific cross section structures of CFRP can be fabricatedcorresponding to the advantageous of pultrusion, for example, linear, rounded and H-shaped profiles and other shaped profiles could be quantity produced using pultrusion. We further clarified the specific production process and corresponding optimization design scheme, including fiber arrangement, fiber impregnation, curing molding, described the test methods and evaluation of pultruded composite, including tensile strength, bending strength, interlaminar fracture toughness related to mechanical properties, and C-scan related to nondestructive testing. Finally, we discussed CFRP recycling, the existing problems of pultrusion process in CFRP and expected the future development trend.

Key words: CFRP, thermosetting/thermoplastic resin, pultrusion process, performance test, application status

中图分类号:

TB332

胡玉杰, 曾永红, 刘永红, 孙琳, 张联合, 朱洪强, 路文凤, 蔡雅迪, 朱敏江, 周泽文, 张辉. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉挤成型工艺研究进展[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(4): 144-160.

HU Yujie , ZENG Yonghong , LIU Yonghong , SUN Lin , ZHANG Lianhe , ZHU Hongqiang , LU Wenfeng , CAI Yadi , ZHU Minjiang , ZHOU Zewen , ZHANG Hui. Research progress of pultrusion process for carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(4): 144-160.

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