COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Tire cornering analysis based on anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model

SUN Jian, CHEN Yunhui, ZHANG Shoujing

2023, 0(3): 5-10. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.001

Asbtract ( 188 )

PDF (3831KB) ( 229 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to describe the mechanical properties of cord-rubber tire cornering accurately, based on unidirectional fiber reinforced continuum mechanics, an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model of cord-rubber composite is presented, which can be used to simulate and analyze tire cornering. The strain energy is decoupled into the strain energy of rubber matrix, the tensile strain energy of cord and the angular shear strain energy between rubber and cord. The model parameters are calibrated based on the experimental data, and the calibrated anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model is applied to tire grounding and cornering analysis. It provides an important research basis for the development of anisotropic hyperelastic composites constitutive model and high precision cord-rubber tire model.

Prediction method of compressive strength after impact for fiber reinforced plastic composite based on the fractal dimension of impact damage

JIANG Wen, FAN Hongxing, YAO Weixing, CHEN Fang, MA Mingze

2023, 0(3): 11-17. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220428.031

Asbtract ( 127 )

PDF (6782KB) ( 142 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The bearing capacity of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite is very sensitive to low-speed impact damage, so the prediction model of compression after impact (CAI) for FRP composite is vital to its engineering application. Therefore, the residual compressive strength tests of three different kinds of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)/5284RTM/U3160 laminates under BVID state were carried out in this paper. The C-scan was used to obtain the impact damage morphologies of different CFRP laminates before compression test, and the impact damage morphologies were studied by the fractal dimension. The results show that the larger the fractal dimension of impact damage morphology, the lower the compression after impact. Based on this discovery, a prediction method of compressive strength after low-speed impact for fiber reinforced plastic composite based on the fractal dimension of impact damage was proposed. In this method, the impact damage morphology was equivalent to the basic fractal geometry (Sierpinski carpet), the non-bearing area of CFRP laminate could be obtained by the fractal theory. Then the residual compressive strength can be calculated by the normalized non-bearing area. The impact energy was not used as input parameter in this method, and the prediction results of the method were in good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, the CAI prediction method proposed in this paper is convenient for engineering application.

Stress analysis on the hole edge of carbon/glass hybrid composite single bolted joint

QIU Gang, ZHU Fuxian, ZHU Xingmin, XU Xianyi

2023, 0(3): 18-26. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.032

Asbtract ( 174 )

PDF (20769KB) ( 199 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The calculation method of hole-edge stress is proposed for bolted carbon/glass hybrid composite joints based on the classical laminate theory and the calculation formula of the bolt hole-edge stress of the mechanical connection structure. The distribution of radial stress, hoop stress and shear stress at the hole edge is investigated for each fiber layup of the single-nail bolted carbon/glass hybrid composite laminate. Additionally, a finite element model of the single-nail bolted carbon/glass composite laminate has been performed to investigate the hole-edge stress via finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the finite element results, which verifies the validity of the analytical method.

A trilinear cohesive model considering the effect of fiber bridging

KUANG Jia, JIANG Yaqin, WANG Zhou, YANG Ying, GAN Jin, WANG Xiaoli, ZENG Fei, TAN Licheng

2023, 0(3): 27-33. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220828.031

Asbtract ( 105 )

PDF (4813KB) ( 118 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to realize the simulation analysis of type Ⅰ layered expansion of carbon fiber laminate DCB specimens, the academia often uses the cohesive force model to establish a layered expansion model. However, the bilinear cohesive model embedded in the major commercial software can only realize the type Ⅰ layered expansion of carbon fiber DCB specimens without fiber bridging or with a small amount of fiber bridging. Existing studies have found that fiber bridging is a phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the delamination expansion of carbon fiber DCB specimens. Therefore, this paper develops a trilinear cohesion model that can describe the large-scale fiber bridging based on the bilinear cohesive model. The model is constructed based on two bilinear cohesion models, which are used to describe delamination initiation and fiber bridging, respectively. The validity and superiority of the model are verified by comparing with the experimental results and the numerical simulation results of the bilinear cohesion model.

Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of polyamide 6/graphene oxide modified carbon fiber composites

BI Yifan, CHENG Baofa, ZHU Xiangdong

2023, 0(3): 34-38. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.005

Asbtract ( 247 )

PDF (7657KB) ( 95 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Carbon fibers were modified with graphene oxide (GO-KCF), polyamide 6/graphene oxide modified carbon fibers (PA6/GO-KCF), polyamide 6/pure carbon fibers (PA6/CF), and polyamide 6/graphite (PA6/graphite) were prepared by twin-screw extruder. The composition and thermal stability of modified carbon fibers, as well as the cross-sectional morphology, bending properties and thermal conductivity of the composite materials were analyzed. Infrared spectral analysis results confirmed the existence of —OH, —NH—, —CN—, O—Si—O and other structures in GO-KCF, indicating that graphene oxide was successfully grafted to the surface of carbon fibers. Thermo gravimetric analysis results show that GO-KCF has good thermal stability, and the mass loss rate is only about 3.5%. The cross-sectional SEM results of the composite material show that GO-KCF effectively improves the interfacial compatibility with the PA6 resin matrix and the dispersion in the matrix, the modified carbon fiber can form a three-dimensional network structure in the resin matrix, which can play the role of transmitting external force loads. When the addition amount of the modified materials is 11wt%, the bending strength of the PA6/GO-KCF composite material reaches 180 MPa, which is 38.5% and 24.1% higher than that of PA6/CF and PA6/graphite composites, respectively. The thermal conductivity test results show that the thermal conductivity of PA6/GO-KCF composites is better than that of PA6/graphite composites. With the same addition amount of 9wt%, the thermal conductivity of the PA6/GO-KCF composite reaches 2.42 W/m·K, which is 2.7 times and 3.9 times that of PA6/graphite and PA6/CF, respectively.

Test and design of flexural behavior of bridge isolation composite anti-ship collision pipe pile

GAO Shiyang, FANG Hai, GE Yiwei, LIANG Yongqiang

2023, 0(3): 39-43. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.006

Asbtract ( 195 )

PDF (3619KB) ( 103 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Fiber reinforced composites have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good designability, good corrosion resistance, and can be used in the field of bridge anti-collision. In this paper, the isolated anti-collision system of bridge was studied for the fiber reinforced composite winding pipe pile. Bending tests were carried out on fiber reinforced composite winding pipe piles, and the failure modes and force-displacement curves of the winding piles under different winding angles and thicknesses were compared and analyzed. The elastic modulus of the winding pipe pile was calculated according to the test results, and according to the theoretical calculation, a single anti-collision pipe pile with cantilever pile and support pile is designed, and then some design suggestions for anti-collision system of the bent pipe pile were provided.

Research on stress loss of prestressed carbon fiber composite cable reinforced concrete T beam

WANG Zihao, LI Chenggao, XIAN Guijun, BAI Jie, XIONG Hao, XU Guowen

2023, 0(3): 44-52. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.007

Asbtract ( 108 )

PDF (10004KB) ( 95 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) bars are widely used in prestressed concrete structures due to their high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and good fatigue properties. In order to explore the prestress loss behavior of CFRP cables reinforced concrete T beams, three unbonded prestressed CFRP cables reinforced concrete T beams were fabricated, prestress distribution of CFRP cable-reinforced concrete T beams and the effect of tensioning method on prestress loss was studied. The test results show that the prestress of the prestressed carbon fiber composite cable reinforced concrete T beam gradually decreases from the tension end to the anchor end, and the CFRP bars with small diameters in the CFRP cables have small prestress and serious stress unevenness. When using graded tension, the prestress loss of the carbon fiber composite cable is small. But when it is tensioned in conventional way, the prestress loss increases significantly, part of the stress loss can be eliminated by repeated tensioning.

Study on the influence of fiber reinforced composite impeller on the vibration characteristics of fan

ZHANG Jinguang, DENG Wei, YANG Zhen, QIU Hao, WEN Xianglong

2023, 0(3): 53-58. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.008

Asbtract ( 108 )

PDF (9098KB) ( 118 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to understand the influence of impeller of different materials on the vibration characteristics of axial flow fan, the impeller layup scheme was determined by studying the effects of different layup angles on the natural frequency and damping ratio of fiber reinforced composite impellers. The safety margins of impellers of different materials under rated conditions are calculated, and the results show that the fiber-reinforced composite impellers have sufficient safety margins during operation. The harmonic response analysis method was used to compare and analyze the vibration response of the fan with aluminum alloy impeller and fiber reinforced composite impeller at rated speed, and the vibration test was carried out for the same fan with only different impeller. The simulation and test results show that compared with the fan equipped with aluminum alloy impeller, the vibration acceleration of the fan equipped with carbon fiber reinforced plastic impeller decreases significantly in the low frequency range, and the amplitude of vibration acceleration of the fan equipped with carbon fiber reinforced composite impeller is larger in the high frequency range. The structural vibration acceleration of the fan equipped with glass fiber reinforced plastic impeller decreases greatly in the whole frequency band, and the vibration reduction effect is remarkable.

Optimization and reconstruction of hat beam preforming mold based on advanced pultrusion process

CHEN Boyi, QI Junwei, WANG Yuequan, SHI Jiaqi

2023, 0(3): 59-67. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220728.031

Asbtract ( 174 )

PDF (8715KB) ( 111 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The experiment of preparing preforms with the advanced pultrusion (ADP) principle prototype of hat beam was studied. The influencing factors of the molding quality of the preforms include the surface shape of the preforming mold, the preforming temperature, the tension, etc. Among them, the unreasonable design of the mold surface shape would affect the temperature uniformity and the tension transmission. Combined with the material properties of M21 prepreg, a model was established in ABAQUS to simulate the preforming process, and the simulation results of laminate deformation are basically consistent with the actual test, which verified the reliability of the elastic parameters and boundary conditions. The deformed prepreg laminate node coordinates was imported into CATIA through the GSD_PointSpline-LoftFrom-Excel macro command in the CATIA folder, and generative shape design was used to reconstruct the surface shape of the mold. The pre-forming simulation test was repeated after mold optimization. The research results show that using this method to reconstruct the surface shape of the mold improves the adhesion between the prepreg and the mold, and the envelope volume of the overhead gap is reduced to 2.6% of the gap before optimization, which can improve the pre-forming process. The temperature uniformity of the prepreg is improved, which can facilitate the sliding movement between the prepreg layers and reduce the occurrence of defects in the preform.

Study of the blast resistance of GFRP laminates based on air shock tube

TIAN Rui, WEI Gang, ZHANG Hanzhe, WU Huapeng, DENG Yunfei

2023, 0(3): 68-75. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.031

Asbtract ( 71 )

PDF (14986KB) ( 72 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Based on the principle of shock tube, an 80 mm diameter air shock wave loading device was self-made and the relevant parameters were calibrated for the relationship between the peak value and velocity of the shock wave and the breaking pressure of the film. On this basis, a study of the blast resistance of GFRP laminates was carried out, and the dynamic response process of the laminates was obtained using a 3D full-field strain measurement system. The results show that the shock wave generated by using air shock tube can reasonably simulate the loading process of blast wave. The deflection of GFRP laminate during the shock wave loading increases according to S-type trend with the increase of shock wave pressure between 0.93 MPa and 3.93 MPa, and the residual deformation is not obvious after unloading. The laminate with prefabricated 2 mm small holes suffered tear damage under the shock wave of peak pressure of 3.5 MPa, indicating that the initial damage seriously affected the blast impact capability of the GFRP laminate.

Study on co-curing of precured epoxy composite components

WU Han, QI Junwei, WANG Yuequan

2023, 0(3): 76-82. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.011

Asbtract ( 117 )

PDF (6977KB) ( 163 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

For multi-component composite beams in the advanced pultrusion technology, such as I-beam, the precuring of process for components can reduce the surface viscosity and improve the stiffness to facilitate the assembly of components under the premise of ensuring the bond property of subsequent co-curing. The curing kinetics of resin in M21C prepreg was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the curing process, and the viscosity and interlaminar properties of the product under different curing degrees were studied. The results show that the viscosity of prepreg decreases with the increase of curing degree. The viscosity of prepreg can be adjusted by changing the laying temperature. When the precuring degree is 5.5%, the dimension deviation and fiber distortion will lead to the decrease of interlayer performance. When the degree of precuring is 20%, the interlaminar performance is the best. When the degree of precuring is 32% and 45%, the lap interface cannot form a complete three-dimensional network structure, and the interlayer performance is greatly weakened.

Influence of span-to-thickness ratio on the three-point bending behavior of carbon fiber composites

WANG Yichao, LI Peng, ZHOU Juping

2023, 0(3): 83-88. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.012

Asbtract ( 275 )

PDF (13978KB) ( 138 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Herein, we have utilized T700SC and T1100G carbon fibers from Toray (Japan) as reinforcement and self-prepared resin system as matrix to fabricate the unidirectional carbon fiber composite laminates through molding method. The variation of three-point bending strength of two kinds of composite laminates containing different span-to-thickness ratios of 16∶1, 32∶1, 40∶1 and 50∶1 was studied respectively. Meanwhile the bending failure modes of the corresponding composite laminates are analyzed. Our results indicate that at the span-to-thickness ratios of 32∶1 and 40∶1, both T700 and T1100 carbon fiber composites achieve the highest bending strength, with the common failure modes of the upper surface compression and delamination. At the standard span-to-thickness ratio of 32∶1, the bending strength of T1100 carbon fiber composites is up to 1 779.87 MPa, only 2.61% higher than that of T700 composites.

Damage characteristics analysis of composite laminates with filled nail holes under tensile load

ZHANG Huanshi, ZHANG Fa, GAO Limin, JIA Yinlei

2023, 0(3): 89-94. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.013

Asbtract ( 99 )

PDF (7089KB) ( 86 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Composite laminates filled with pin holes are often used in mechanical connection design. Considering the bolt constraint at the opening and the bypass failure of extrusion deformation in the area around the pin hole of the laminate, they are mainly used for the design of strength allowable values of aircraft composite structures, and are increasingly widely used in aerospace and other fields. In order to compare the tensile damage propagation failure characteristics of composite laminates with filled pin holes based on different failure criteria, two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models were established using ABAQUS finite element software. The nonlinear behavior of materials and failure judgment were considered in the modeling. Based on Hashin criterion and LaRC05 criterion, the static tensile numerical simulation of composite laminates with filled pin holes in the corresponding stacking sequence was carried out. According to ASTM D6742, uniaxial tensile test of composite laminates with filled pin holes was carried out. The numerical simulation results were compared with the test results. The numerical simulation results simulated the tensile progressive failure mode of composite laminates with filled pin holes, which has good engineering application significance.

Study on the mechanism and influence of grooves on friction surface of C/C-SiC brake materials

SHI Weiwei, ZHANG Yanping, REN Jinwei, HAN Wenjing, ZHANG Ting

2023, 0(3): 95-98. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.014

Asbtract ( 95 )

PDF (6057KB) ( 85 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The apparent characteristics of grooves on the friction surface and phase distribution of the C/C-SiC brake materials were analyzed. The causes and mechanism of grooves formation and its influence on braking performance were studied. The results show that when there are large hard spots on the friction surface of C/C-SiC brake materials, plough abrasion or extrusion spalling mechanism will occur, resulting in obvious trough groove or layered spalling groove. The braking torque of C/C-SiC brake materials with obvious grooves on the friction surface is higher than that of C/C-SiC brake materials with smooth friction surface.

The feasibility of automated fiber placement with complex inlet based on interference detection

HUANG Wei, DONG Wenwu, YAO Feng

2023, 0(3): 99-103. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.015

Asbtract ( 84 )

PDF (5390KB) ( 76 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A composite material integral molding scheme based on the automatic fiber placement process was adopted for the inlet of aircraft. To ensure the feasibility of automatic fiber placement on the molded surface of the inlet, the interference problem between the inlet profile and the fiber laying head was studied. First, a interference detection computing program based on VC++6.0 was developed based on the meshed STL file of the inlet profile together with the boundary conditions of the wire laying head, and the position of the interference area on the molded surface was obtained and marked with large quantities of points. Then, the contour of the fiber laying head was modeled for the identified interference area with CATIA. Subsequently, the kinematic simulation of automatic fiber placement on the molded surface was carried out with VERICUT simulation software for verification purpose. Finally, the molded surface of the inlet identifying the interference area was fed back for design correction, and the right inlet profile satisfying the automatic placement was thus obtained.

Effects of forming pressure on the properties of boron carbide/aramid ballistic insert plate

WANG Hua, WANG Xijie, SHI Hui, HAN Xiao

2023, 0(3): 104-107. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.016

Asbtract ( 227 )

PDF (5819KB) ( 137 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Composite inserts made of ceramics and fibers are widely used for body armors due to their high impact-resistance. In this paper, the influence of forming pressure on the efficacy of B₄C ceramic-aramid prepreg bulletproof was studied by bullet target test. It is found that the B₄C ceramic-aramid composite insert can usually withstand the impact of one or two bullets, showing pretty good ability of bulletproofing. Our experiment also reveals that high-pressure leads to a harder plate, which reduces the depth of the depression by the bullet. Whereas, low-pressure leads to higher tensile strength and stretch ability of the plate, which reduces the probability of penetrating. Our work has applicative significance in the fabrication of high-performance ceramic-fiber composite body armor inserts.

Properties of DAP/polyphenylene oxide modified cyanate ester and its composites

BU Xiaojun, XU Xingye, JIA Yuxiang, HUA Jiao, ZHU Zhenghao, ZHOU Quan, NI Lizhong

2023, 0(3): 108-111. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.017

Asbtract ( 235 )

PDF (2527KB) ( 137 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The cyanate ester resin (CE) was modified by polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and diallyl phthalate (DAP), the curing behavior and heat resistance of DAP/PPO/CE resin were investigated by DSC and TGA. The glass fiber reinforced composites were prepared according to different mass ratios, and the performance of the composites were analyzed using DEA, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength. The results show that DAP can promote the curing of PPO/CE resin, and improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of the composite while maintain the excellent heat resistance of the resin system. When DAP/PPO/CE=8/40/100 (mass ratio), the promoting effect, mechanical properties and dielectric properties are the best. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength can reach 651.4 MPa and 62.0 MPa, respectively.

Mechanical properties of unidirectional hybrid carbon fiber reinforced composites under three-point bending load

ZHOU Juping, LI Peng, WANG Yichao

2023, 0(3): 112-119. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.018

Asbtract ( 148 )

PDF (8879KB) ( 174 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

We have adopted T1100GC together with M55J carbon fibers as prepregs to fabricate a series of the unidirectional hybrid carbon fiber reinforced composite (HCFRP) laminates via molding method. By changing the hybrid ratio and layup methods of HCFRP, the bending properties of HCFRP have been investigated via three-point bending test, and optical microscope has been utilized to analyze their failure mode under bending loads. Our results indicate that both pristine T1100GC and M55J carbon fiber composites suffer from compression failure. The destroying of type B hybrid structures in HCFRP is mainly due to shearing failure in the middle layer, the failure mode of the HCFRP in type C is related to the hybrid ratio. HCFRP with the hybrid ratio of 47.1% exhibits the best bending properties regardless of layup methods. The flexural strength of HCFRP with M55J carbon fiber in the middle layer reaches the highest value of 2 052.7 MPa, and its failure mode is overall failure. In addition, the flexural elasticity modulus of HCFRP with T1100GC carbon fiber in the middle layer reaches the highest value of 310.5 GPa, and its failure mode is delamination failure.

A review on design theory and mechanical performance of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC)

LENG Zan, XUE Xin

2023, 0(3): 120-132. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20230328.019

Asbtract ( 103 )

PDF (4583KB) ( 215 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Different from normal concrete, strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) exhibits pseudo strain hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics under uniaxial tension force. Due to its high toughness and small cracking width, SHCC has become one of the most promising civil engineering materials. SHCC has been extensively studied in China, and achieved fruitful results, but there are also many topics existing to be further explored. This paper firstly elucidated the performance specification, bearing mechanism and design approach of SHCC. Studies have shown that microscopic mechanical parameters of material has significant effects on the macroscopic mechanical performance of SHCC. Then focusing on tensile behavior and other mechanical properties, this paper reviewed the research progress of SHCC in China. The results of the review indicated that fiber has a significant improvement on SHCC and verified the importance of the above-mentioned design theory in the design and manufacture of SHCC. Finally, this paper pointed out the existing topics and the future research direction of SHCC. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to a deeper understanding and aid in the further research of SHCC.

Table of Content