COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON FLUTTER CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE RUDDER

WANG Shuai, WU Wei, HUANG Yi-min, LUO Chu-yang, ZHANG Xiang-hui, CAI Pei-pei

2021, 0(3): 5-13. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.001

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The step-by-step solution method is adopted to analyze the influence of temperature on flutter characteristics of composite rudder. Firstly, thermal stress caused by the temperatureis analyzed, and the additional stiffness is calculated in the thermal stiffness matrix. Then, the thermal stiffness effect of the wall plate is imported into the thermal modal analysis. Finally, it is introduced into the rudder flutter model for flutter analysis. The effects of thermal stress, material modulus and temperature on the flutter characteristics of composite rudder were studied respectively. The results showed that the increase in temperature decreased the amplitude of natural frequency of each order of rudder to varying degrees. The frequency dropped dramatically with the increase of the order, which can increase the possibility of flutter. Flutter velocity decreases approximately linearly with temperature rise. The influence of the decline of material caused by temperature on flutter velocity of rudder is much stronger than thermal stress.

OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITES STRUCTURE BASED ON IMPROVED DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM

MA Sen, ZHAO Qi-lin, SHI Li-ming, SHAN Cheng-zhi

2021, 0(3): 14-20. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.002

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An improved S-shaped mutation Differential Evolution algorithm is proposed and its application in optimization of composites structure is studied. Firstly, the influence mechanism of control parameters on the convergence and optimization ability of the Differential Evolution algorithm is analyzed. Secondly, aiming at the influence mechanism and learning from the "S-shaped curve" law of biological reproduction, a new change trend of the mutation rate is proposed, and an improved Differential Evolution algorithm (SDE) is proposed, advantage of the improved algorithm is proved by numerical examples. Finally, an optimization computing system based on the SDE algorithm for composites structure is established, which is used to optimize a composites component of a space vehicle, and the weight is 36.5% lower than the initial design.

RESEARCH ON WINDING TRAJECTORY FOR CARBON/CARBON CRUCIBLE PREFORM REINFORCED CARBON FIBER WINDING

LI Xiao-chen, DONG Jiu-zhi, YANG Su-jun, CHEN Yun-jun, JIANG Xiu-ming

2021, 0(3): 21-26. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.003

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Compared with graphite crucibles, the excellent performance of carbon/carbon composite crucibles can better meet the needs of czochralski silicon production. Traditional carbon/carbon crucibles are formed by needle punching or manual winding, which has low efficiency and poor product consistency. The use of dry fiber reinforced carbon/carbon crucible can give full play to the role of carbon fiber, and can realize automatic winding and forming. Based on the filament winding technology, this paper aims to provide theoretical research on the automatic winding line design of carbon/carbon crucible preforms and simulation of winding trajectories of winding machines. First, according to the special asymmetric structure of the crucible, based on the principle of non-geodetic winding, the winding line of the carbon/carbon crucible preform is designed and simulated, and then the three-axis winding device is used to plan the movement trajectory of the winding line. The best motion trajectory is determined under different constraint conditions, and finally the method of polynomial fitting is used to reverse the coordinates of the doffing point and perform error analysis. The results show that the designed winding wire type can be stably and evenly wound on the core mold, and the designed winding motion track can achieve the specified winding wire type, which satisfies the winding principle and manufacturability of the carbon/carbon crucible. It provides a certain theoretical guidance for the production of carbon/carbon crucible.

THE PREDICTION OF COMPOSITES' ELASTIC CONSTANTS ON THE BASE OF FIBER-RANDOM-DISTRIBUTION MODEL

PENG Pai, LU Jian

2021, 0(3): 27-32. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.004

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In order to achieve the accurate prediction of composites' elastic constants, a numerical simulation method based on fiber-random-distribution micromechanical model is studied in this paper. Firstly, a modified random disturbing method is used to achieve the characterization of fibers' random distribution of the composite material, and the representative volume element (RVE) model with random fibers for the composite material is established in the finite element software. By applying periodic boundary conditions and using volume homogenization method, the prediction of elastic constants is achieved for two typical composite materials. The prediction results are compared with the prediction results of the traditional quadrilateral regular distribution model and the experimental data in literature. It shows that the fiber-random-distribution micromechanical model can achieve the prediction of composites' elastic constants with good accuracy. Besides, the numerical simulation results also show that the fibers' random distribution has less influence on the dispersion degree of composites' macroscopic elastic constants.

DAMAGE DETECTION OF COMPOSITE BEAMS BASED ON PROPORTIONAL FLEXIBILITY MATRIX

QI Xing-ran, YANG Tao, DU Yu

2021, 0(3): 33-37. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.005

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The LU decomposition of the proportional flexibility matrix is used to construct a new damage index, which is used to detect the delamination damage of composite beams. Firstly, the finite element software ANSYS Workbench is used to construct the simulation models of damaged beam and undamaged beam. The natural frequency and mode shape of the undamaged beam and the damaged beam are obtained by modal analysis. The normalized vibration mode of the unit matrix is calculated, and then the proportional flexibility matrix is constructed. Through LU decomposition of the difference matrix of proportional flexibility before and after damage, a new damage index is constructed to detect the delamination damage of composite beams. The simulation results show that the mutation rate of the damage index has great changes for different degrees of single point and multi-point damage. For different locations of damage, it also has a good recognition effect, and can accurately describe the area of delamination damage. This method shows that the proportional flexibility matrix method can be used to identify the delamination damage of composite beams.

RESEARCH ON PERMEABILITY PREDICTION OF MICRO FIBROUS STRUCTURE BASED ON STOCHASTIC ALGORITHM AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RESIN FLOW

LI Chen, HUANG Jia, CHEN Cheng, GAO Li-min

2021, 0(3): 38-44. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.006

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The quality of resin matrix fiber reinforced composites is closely related to the resin flow impregnation during the manufacturing process. As the cornerstone of meso scale and macro scale, the micro scale fiber structure and micro permeability have a direct impact on the flow impregnation of resin. However, it is difficult to effectively carry out experiments at the micro scale. Thus, numerical simulation has become a more effective research method. In this paper, Monte Carlo stochastic algorithm is applied to establish the micro scale models of the random arrangement of filaments in the fiber tow and the mesoscopic scale structure intra and inter the fiber tows. The permeability of the inner structure of the fiber tow is predicted based on the finite element method, and the phase field method is creatively used to simulate the resin flow considering the surface tension and capillary force. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the random structure permeability prediction method of fiber filament established in this paper is significantly higher than that of the traditional empirical formula. At the same time, the pore formation process in the micro fiber bundle is simulated, which is of great significance to expound the resin flow impregnation process and the generation mechanism of micro bubbles from the micro scale system.

STUDY ON THE COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS FIBER COMPOSITE LATTICE MATERIALS BASED ON SPACE WEAVING METHOD

ZHANG Jia-rui, ZHAI Guang-tao

2021, 0(3): 45-50. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.007

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In view of the deficiency of the existing manufacturing technologies of continuous fiber composite lattice materials in the field of new materials, a new fabrication method for fiber composite lattice materials is proposed in this paper. Based on the deep analysis of current manufacturing technologies for fiber composite lattice materials and the structural characteristics of Octet-truss unit-cell, this paper developed a novel fabrication technique called spatial weaving method for fiber composite lattice materials, which weaves three-dimensional lattice materials with continuous fiber braids, and designed a set of forming tools. Subsequently, glass fiber composite lattice samples were prepared with this technique and resin curing process. And the uniaxial compression test was carried out according to ASTM C365. The results show good structural stability of these lattice samples, and the stress-strain curves of different samples are basically consistent. The main failure mode of these tested samples is the fracture of inclined struts adjacent to the nodes induced by fiber microbuckling according to the experimental process and electron microscopic image. This paper lays the foundation for the further studies on the fabrication and mechanical properties of fiber composite lattice materials.

RESEARCH ON EDGESIDE COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF PLAIN WEAVE PANEL FOAM SANDWICH COMPOSITE MATERIAL AFTER REPAIR

ZHANG Tie-chun, ZHANG Shi-qiu, WANG Xuan, ZHOU Chun-ping, WANG Fu-sheng

2021, 0(3): 51-59. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.008

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In order to study the influence of different repair methods and repair parameters on the edgeside compression performance of plain woven panel foam sandwich structure, the edgeside compression test was carried out on the specimen and the repaired specimen. By comparing the test results, the effects of repair methods and repair parameters on the edgeside compression strength and edgeside compression modulus of the plain sandwich woven panel foam sandwich structure are analyzed. The specimen destruction mode is also analyzed in the article. The results show that the edgeside compression strength of single-sided panel repair is higher than that of double-sided panel repair and single-sided panel plus core repair. When single-sided panel repair, the smaller scarf repair angle of the laminate, the lower the edgeside compression strength of the specimen. The overlap width of the over-ply has a great influence on the edgeside compression strength of the specimen. After the repair, the edgeside compression modulus of the specimen is improved compared with the intact specimen. When the single-sided panel is repaired, changing the proportion of the scarf repair angle does not affect the edgeside of the specimen compression modulus, and suitable over-ply overlap width has a positive effect on the increase of the edgeside compression modulus of the specimen. Changes in repair methods and repair parameters do not affect the failure mode of the specimen, the edgeside compression of plain-weave panel foam sandwich composites mainly failed after the foam core material ruptured, and the overall structure of the panel without core material support was compressed. The failure modes of the panel are mainly the bending of the end of the panel, the bending of the middle of the panel, the wrinkling of the panel and the fiber breakage of the panel.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SIMULATED LIGHTNING STRIKE ON HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL WITH CARBON NANOTUBE FILM

WANG Yong-wei, YAN Gang, GUO Fei

2021, 0(3): 60-65. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.009

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In recent years, composite materials have been widely used in aircraft structures due to their advantages. However, the overall electrical conductivity of composite materials is relatively low, thus it is easy to produce severe damage when encountering lightning strike, threatening the structural safety. In this paper, carbon nanotube film (CNTF) is co-cured with composite structure to form a conductive surface layer to protect it against lightning strike. In order to verify the protective effect, composite honeycomb sandwich panels with CNTF layer are fabricated, and simulated lightning strikes with different peak currents are applied to them. The lightning strike processes are recorded by a high-speed camera, and the damage is examined by visual inspection and X-ray CT scanning. Test results have shown that, under different peak lightning currents, the larger the current is, the larger the area of surface damage and the length of internal delamination are. Under the same peak lightning current, the area of surface damage and the length of internal delamination of the CNTF protected structures are significantly reduced. It can be concluded that the CNTF surface layer has good protection effect against the lightning strike for composite honeycomb sandwich panel.

ADHESIVE THICKNESS AND THE CARRYING CAPABILITY OF ADHESIVE DOUBLE-LAP COMPOSITE JOINT

MA Yu, LI Yong-liang

2021, 0(3): 66-70. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.010

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The calculation formula of carrying capabilty of adhesive double-lap composite joint had limitation, which was only applicable in certain adhesive thickness range and needed to be improved. In order to improve the formula, the shear stress and peel stress of adhesive layer along the overlap length were contrastively analyzed under experimental carrying capability and theoretical calculation load for analytical analysis. It is pointed out that the shear stress and peel stress decrease along with the adhesive thickness increases, so it does not affect the carrying capability. Also, it is not entirely appropriate to attribute the carrying capability reduction to defects. In addition, the deduction was put forwards that the change of shear property caused by the change of adhesive thickness is the main reason for the carrying capability reduction.

EFFECT OF CVD DEPOSITION PROCESS ON CRYSTALLINITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SiC COATINGS

LIU Gui-liang, HE Zong-bei, WANG Zi-xuan, ZHANG Rui-qian, WANG Ji-ping

2021, 0(3): 71-77. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.011

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The corrosion resistance of SiC_f/SiC composites was improved by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiC coatings. In this paper, SiC coatings are prepared on reaction sintering SiC matrix with CH₃SiCl₃ (MTS) as the source gas. Surface morphology and corrosion resistance of silicon carbide coatings were related with parameters in CVD such as deposition temperature, furnace pressure and mole ratio of H₂ and MTS. The phase composition and crystallinity of silicon carbide coating under different process conditions were obtained by X-ray diffraction experiment (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the coating was detected by high-temperature water corrosion experiment, and the surface morphology before and after the corrosion was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that when the deposition time was 8 hours and the deposition temperature was from 1050 ℃ to 1250 ℃, the surface roughness of SiC coating was improved, the deposition thickness increased sharply from 12.97 μm to 71.10 μm, and the grain size of SiC gradually increased and finally presented a pyramid shape. After 60 days of corrosion of silicon carbide coating, the surface presents an acicular structure. The SiC coating deposited at 1250 ℃ had better corrosion resistance. With the increase of deposition furnace pressure, the crystallinity of β-SiC grains decreased sharply and the grain size increased sharply. The crystallinity of β-SiC was the highest (81.08%) and the grain size was smallest (13.7 nm) under 200 Pa. The crystallinity of β-SiC grain decreased sharply with the increase of the molar ratio of H₂ and MTS. When the molar ratio of H₂ and MTS was 6.5, the crystallinity reached its highest point (95.91%).

STUDY ON BONDING TECHNOLOGY OF TITANIUM ALLOY TRIM/COMPOSITE FAN BLADE

SUN Yu, LIU Qiang, HUANG Feng, MA Jin-rui, ZHANG Yu

2021, 0(3): 78-81. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.012

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In this paper, the study on bonding technology of titanium alloy/composite material was carried out based on the background of bonding between titanium alloy trim and composite fan blades of aeroengine. The study focused on the bonding process parameters of titanium alloy/composite based on AF191 film, the bonding strength of composites with different structures/titanium alloys and the different surface treatment methods of titanium alloys/ composites. The results show that: Curing by autoclave, and removing the vacuum after pressurizing 0.1 MPa was more helpful for bonding. Composites with different structures have a greater impact on bonding strength, and composites with higher stiffness show better bonding strength. Pickling and anodizing the titanium alloy surface can greatly improve the bonding strength, and it is better to use with the surface pretreatment agent.

INFLUENCE OF ELECTROTHERMAL EFFECT ON THE SHEAR PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE MODIFIED CARBON FIBROUS COMPOSITES

WANG Bing-chen, LIU Ling

2021, 0(3): 82-87. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.013

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With the wide application in the aerospace engineering, carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (CFRPs) are required not only to be used as structural parts, but also have thermal and electrical conductivity and other functional characteristics. Therefore, CFRPs often face a complex multi-field coupling environment, in which electrothermal coupling is accompanied by the application of highly conductive CFRPs. To analyze the influence of the introduction of CNTs on the electrothermal and shear properties of CFRPs, a porous film of carbon nanotube (CNTs) was prepared and introduced into the ±45° interface of the [±45°₂]_s laminate in this paper. Studies have shown that the introduction of CNTs films has increased the conductivity of CFRPs by 65%~180%, the surface temperature has increased by 10.8%~29.5%, and the shear strength and modulus have also been improved. At the same time, the increase of temperature can improve the mechanical properties of CFRPs, but this phenomenon is not obvious in CFRPs with CNTs films. This result shows that the CNTs films can not only improve the electrical and thermal properties of CFRPs, but also enhance the interlayer mechanical properties.

EFFECT OF Z-PIN IMPLANTATION ON FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER/EPOXY LAMINATES

YAN Bin, CHEN Wei, MA Cheng-yan, TENG Xue-bei, LIU Wei-wei, LI Xiang-qian

2021, 0(3): 88-92. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.014

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This essay presents knowledge that the effect of material, diameter and twisting state of Z-pin on the flexural performance of Z-pin reinforced composite laminates,which was studied through three-point bending test. The results show that the flexural strength and modulus of the carbon fiber Z-pin group specimens have been increased by 20.28% and 27.55%, respectively, compared with the blank groups without Z-pin, and the improvement effect is better than that of the polyimide fiber Z-pin group. The flexural strength and modulus of small diameter Z-pin group specimens have been increased by 19.96% and 29.32%, respectively, compared with the blank groups without Z-pin, and the boost effect is better than that of the large-diameter Z-pin group. While the twisted state of Z-pin has little effect on the flexural performance, which is related to the mixed failure mode combined pullout with shear failure. After Z-pin is implanted into the test piece, it significantly improves the flexural strain energy of the test piece. In the test, the flexural strain energy of Z-pin reinforced specimens increased by 15.23%~112.23% compared with the blank groups without Z-pin. Among them, the effect of large diameter Z-pin is the most significant, and the lifting ratio is more than 110%. In addition, Z-pin implantation can increase the resistance of specimens to deformation damage, and make the specimens show greater failure displacement. But, the specimens with low flexural strain energy are not easy to form stable damage propagation.

EFFECT OF PAN FIBER DIAMETER ON CARBON FIBER YIELD

XUE Ya-jun, ZHANG Ming, GU Hong-xing, ZHANG Shu-bin, QI Jing-yao

2021, 0(3): 94-98. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.015

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The carbon fiber yields of different diameter PAN fibers under different pre-oxidation conditions were analyzed, and the effect of PAN fiber diameter on carbon fiber yield was discussed by TG, XPS, NMR, Raman. The results showed that the higher the pre-oxidation temperature, the higher the carbon fiber yield. The carbon fiber yields of thick-diameter PAN fibers were higher than that of thin-diameter fibers under the same process conditions. The TG of the thick-diameter PAN fibers had been lower than that of the thin-diameter fibers. Under the same condition, the pre-oxidation degree of thin-diameter PAN fibers was higher than that of thick-diameter PAN fibers. However, the surface elements of different diameter of pre-oxidation fibers and the microcrystalline structure of carbon fibers surface had no difference.

MOLD DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF A HOLLOW CLOSED COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

ZHOU Zhan-wei, JIANG Gui-gang, LIU Hai-xin, BAI Yin-hai

2021, 0(3): 99-103. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.016

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As the most important process equipment in the production of composite structural parts, the mold directly determines the forming quality and precision of composite structural parts. In this paper, a slender hollow, variable section and closed composite structure is introduced. The feasibility of combined metal mould and water-soluble sand core mold is analyzed; the design idea of foam filled compound rubber core mold is put forward. The development of the product is successfully realized by the way of combined female mold and pressurization through internal inflation. It is found that polyurethane foam has a certain degree of strength and rigidity after foaming molding, and can be used to make carbon fiber prepreg laying die. At the same time, it has good swelling property for ethyl acetate, and can be used to complete the product demoulding. The rubber air bag made of vulcanized rubber has strong pressure resistance and temperature resistance, and can be widely used in the molding process of hollow closed composite structural parts.

STATIC INTERNAL PRESSURE TEST AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPARTMENT

YAN Jin-hui, ZENG Wen-yuan, LI Qiang

2021, 0(3): 104-111. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.017

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In the design of GFRP hull structures, it is very important to evaluate and verify the structure performance based on the combination of model test and finite element analysis. Taking the GFRP structure of monocoque as the research object, the model with a scale ratio of 1∶3 is designed and the experiment is carried out to study the deformation and water tightness of the GFRP structure under the loading and unloading conditions, and the deformation characteristics of the typical structures under different loading conditions are obtained. Based on the test data, the stiffness characteristics of the support structures are obtained approximately. On this basis, the finite element analysis is conducted on the platform of MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN and the calculated results are compared with the experimental data. The results show that the structures of the GFRP cabin model are intact and the water tightness is good under the load, and the overall deformation is small. The data coincidence between the finite element calculated values and the experimental values is generally acceptable based on the inversion of experimental data. This method can be used for the finite element verification of the similar model tests.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT TREATMENT ON THE FRICTION PROPERTIES OF C/C COMPOSITE BRAKE MATERIALS

ZHOU Rui, HAN Wen-jing, SHI Wei-wei

2021, 0(3): 112-116. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.018

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Graphitization degree is one of the most important parameters, which directly affects the friction and wear performance of C/C composite brake material. High temperature heat treatment is one of the important processes which would affect the graphitization degree of C/C composite brake materials. In this paper, C/C composite brake material is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using 2.5D carbon fiber integral acupuncture felt as the reinforcement and natural gas as the air source. The friction performance of the aircraft was simulated under specific braking conditions with different high temperature treatment. The influence of annealing temperature on both graphitization degree and friction performance of C/C composite brake materials is discussed. It is revealed that pyrolytic carbon structure of C/C composite material which is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is independent on annealing temperature. However, as annealing temperature raised to 2600 ℃, both the graphitization degree and heat conductivity coefficient of C/C composite brake material increased significantly. The friction coefficient of brake materials is inversely proportional to the brake pressure, unit area loading and velocity. Furthermore, the graphitization degree is proportional to friction coefficient and wear rate of brake materials.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE COMPOSITES

WU Bo, YANG Chang-ling, ZHANG lin-ping, LU Yong-gen

2021, 0(3): 117-121. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.019

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Carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin composites are widely used in electronic information, aerospace and other fields due to their good mechanical properties, flame retardant and chemical corrosion resistance. The interface between carbon fiber and polyphenylene sulfide is a key factor determining the composite performance. For further improving the properties of composites to adapt to different construction and service environments, more and more attentions have been paid to the interface properties between carbon fiber and polyphenylene sulfide. In this paper, the factors affecting the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites are summarized from the views of process conditions, carbon fiber sizing and resin modification.

REVIEW OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES FOR VIBRATION DAMPING PERFORMANCES

MA Xu-qiang, SU Zheng-tao

2021, 0(3): 122-128. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210328.020

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Natural fibers with renewable, biodegradable and environmental-friendly features have attracted greater concern owing to the strict pollution control regulation and the increasing environmental awareness. Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) exhibit superior vibration damping performances compared with traditional carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. In this review, available literatures regarding the damping properties of NFRPCs are gathered in the latest decade. The paper starts with the analysis of multi-scale morphological characterization and damping mechanism of natural fibers. Then testing methods and characteristic parameters of NFRPCs damping performances are introduced. Moreover, influences of fiber orientation, fiber length, fiber content, surface modification and hybridization on the vibration damping performances are illustrated in details. Finally, this review identifies some technical challenges and suggestions in vibration damping domain for NFRPCs in future material.

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