COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

THE EFFECT OF DEBONDING ON EDGEWISE COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF HONEYCOMB SANDWICH STRUCTURE WITH PLAIN WOVEN FACEPLATE

YU Fen, CHENG Ji, WANG Xuan, ZHOU Chun-ping, DING Chang-fang

2021, 0(1): 5-12.

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In order to study the effect of debonding on the edgewise compression performance of the honeycomb sandwich structure with plain woven faceplate, the ABAQUS/Explicit solver and VUMAT subroutine were used to establish a finite element analysis model based on the progressive damage failure theory. The honeycomb sandwich structure with plain woven faceplate, non-damaging and debonding with three different diameters, were tested under edgewise compression. The testing results were compared with the results of finite element analysis. The research shows that the failure load and failure mode obtained by the finite element simulation are in good agreement with the results from the tests, which verifies the correctness of the established finite element analysis model. All the failure modes for the honeycomb sandwich structure with plain woven faceplate, non-damaging and debonding with three different diameters, are panel buckling, compression fracture, and compressive failure of the honeycomb core. Debonding has a small effect on the edgewise compression performance for the honeycomb sandwich structure with plain woven faceplate, and the faceplate is the main part carrying loading under edgewise compression. As the debonding diameter increases, the load-displacement curve fluctuates more violently and the frequency of fluctuations is higher. The damage of the adhesive layer mainly occurs in a small area near the debonding, and has little impact on the overall performance of the structure. The damage of the faceplate extends from the free edge, in the direction vertical to the loading, to the fracture.

OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITES SPINDLE-SHAPED STRUTS BASED ON REGIONAL OPTIMIZATION MODEL

MA Sen, ZHAO Qi-lin, KE Min-yong, SHI Li-ming, MU Si-qi

2021, 0(1): 13-18.

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The optimization problem of composites spindle-shaped struts used in aerospace is studied in this paper. From the structural perspective, the cross-section of the spindle-shaped strut varies along the axial direction, and from the material perspective, the strut is made of anisotropic composites. Therefore, the optimization of composites spindle-shaped struts contains more characteristics and difficulties than traditional material struts. In view of these characteristics and difficulties, a targeted regional optimization model is proposed to expand the optimization design space. An optimization process based on MATLAB and Ansys is established to realize the intelligent optimization of composites spindle-shaped struts. The results show that, based on the regional optimization model proposed in this paper, the strut weight is reduced by 39.0% compared with the initial design and 15.9% compared with previous models, which proves the feasibility of the optimization process and the superiority of the optimization model.

MICRO-GEOMETRY OF 3D ORTHOGONAL WOVEN FABRIC MODELING UNDER DIFFERENT YARN TENSION

LIU Yue-yan, MA Ying, LU Sheng, DENG Cong-ying, CHEN Xiang, ZHAO Yang

2021, 0(1): 19-27.

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The unit cell topology of the 3d orthogonal weave fabric is established with circular initial yarn cross-section shape based on the weaving pattern. Then, periodic boundary and constant tension are applied at yarn ends using the Digital Element Approach (DEA). Each yarn is discretized into a predetermined number of digital fibers. As a result, the yarn cross-section shape and its spatial configuration is changed through the dynamic weaving process simulation. The results show that due to a relatively large warp and weft tension in comparison to a small weaver tension, the thickness of the warp and weft yarns of the numerical model is uniform and the geometry of which remains to be straightness. The cross-section shape of the weaver is consistent with that of the microscopic image. When the applied tension of warp, weft, and weaver yarns is 0.2 N, 0.2 N, and 0.01 N respectively, the thickness of the numerical model is only 9.55% less than that of the experimental one. The micro-geometry of the numerical model matches perfectly with the microscopic images. The simulation results validated the DEA in determining the micro-geometry of 3d woven fabric at sub-yarn scale.

CONNECTION ANALYSIS AND LIGHTWEIGHT DESIGN OF THE LIGHT AIRCRAFT COMPOSITE FUSELAGE PANEL

SHAO Jia-ru, ZHANG Yue-yue, ZENG Xian-jun, LIU Niu

2021, 0(1): 28-34.

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The structural damage analysis was carried out on three types of composite fuselage panels (single rivet, multi-rivets and adhesive connection). Based on Hashin criterion, the initial damage of matrix and fiber was determined, and the failure mode under longitudinal tensile load was analyzed. Optistruct was used to conduct structural optimization analysis on the lightweight of fuselage panel. In order to meet the requirements of mechanical properties and technological manufacturing, the number, thickness and sequence of composite layers were optimized. The number of layings was determined by free dimensional optimization, the thickness of layings was determined by dimensional optimization, and the layering sequence was optimized to obtain the optimal material properties to achieve the goal of reducing the structural weight. The results show that the weight of the fuselage structure is greatly reduced while meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and manufacturing process.

PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC BONDING QUALITY INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPOSITE ENGINE

CHEN Pei-jin, CHEN You-xing, LI Peng, ZHAO Xia, WANG ZHAO-ba, JIN Yong

2021, 0(1): 35-39.

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Carbon fiber composite material of high specific strength and specific modulus, aerospace systems to meet the special requirements of the quality of the relief structure, has been applied to the field of aerospace and missile weapons carrier. It has been used in the field of space transportation and missile weapons. The fiber-wound solid rocket motor shell may cause serious effects when the bonding structure is unreliable due to the complicated force in the bonding connection area. In this paper, phased array ultrasonic testing technology is used for debonding detection research, making different sizes of debonding defects for testing experiments, using variational modal decomposition method to reduce the noise generated by the water coupling interface, and through the echo signal Delayed superposition is performed to obtain the debonding defect signal, and the detection accuracy is up to 1 mm. The test results show that the phased array ultrasound is feasible and accurate for the debonding detection of carbon fiber composite engine casing.

ANALYSIS OF INTERFACE CONSTITUTIVE AND PROPERTIES OF INDENTED SMA WIRE COMPOSITES

ZHU Tong-zhou, YUAN Guo-qing

2021, 0(1): 40-46.

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The premise of normal service of an adaptive deformable composite material structure based on hybrid shape memory alloy (SMA) drives is that the interface performance is good. Studies have shown that the introduction of dense indentation on the normal SMA wire can significantly improve the interface performance. Further research on the constitutive of the indented SMA wire composite material is the basis for the design and application of hybrid indented SMA wire composite materials. In this paper, through the cylindrical pullout test, based on the built bond-slip test system, the interface pull-slip data was collected. Combined with theoretical analysis, the bond-slip constitutive model of the interface is derived. Through analysis, the critical shear strength value of interface based on the idea of regional average criterion is obtained. The strength value based on the regional average stress overcomes the stress singularity and obtains a better mesh size convergence. The strength values obtained in this paper can be used to guide structural design.

STUDY ON COMPOSITE MATERIAL CURING DEFORMATION OF ROOT TILE MOULD OF WIND POWER BLADE

HUANG Shang-hong, CHEN Zhong-li, LIU Ping-zhong, ZHANG Lei-da

2021, 0(1): 47-51.

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The heat transfer-chemical reaction model and viscoelastic constitutive model of root tile mould of wind power blade are established to study the curing deformation of its composite material,and the reliability of the simulation results is verified by the monitoring results of fiber Bragg grating sensors. The research results show that extending the constant temperature time at high temperature can effectively improve the degree of curing reaction of the resin, but the effect of changing the heating rate and the constant time at low temperature on the degree of curing reaction is not obvious. The maximum axial deformation is at the flange edge, the flatness of the flange is not enough, therefore reducing the deformation of the flange is critical to control the manufacturing precision of the root tile mold. And its deformation is mainly determined by the geometry, size and layup sequence of the root tile mold. It is recommended to design rigid constraints to reduce the deformation.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF GNP/CNT/EP COMPOSITE FILMS

XING Yi-long, ZHAO Xin, LI Meng

2021, 0(1): 52-57.

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The graphene nanoplatelets/carbon nanotubes (GNP/CNT) composite structure with mass ratio of graphene nanoplatelets to carbon nanotubes of 2∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶2 was prepared by physical mixing method, and its morphology was characterized by SEM and TEM. The results showed that CNT in the samples with mass ratio of 1∶1 were evenly distributed. Its structure, conductivity and dispersion were characterized and tested by Raman spectra, resistivity test and sedimentation test. The results show that the composite structure with the mass ratio of GNP to CNT of 1∶1 has smaller defect density, smaller resistivity and better dispersion. The GNP/CNT/EP composite film was prepared by means of impregnation with epoxy resin in vacuum condition, and were tested in the frequency range of 2 GHz~18 GHz by vector network analyzer. The effects of film thickness, GNP and CNT mass ratio on the shielding properties were also studied. The results show that the composite film with the mass ratio of GNP to CNT of 1∶1 has a shielding effectiveness of 15 dB~ 20 dB in the frequency band of 10 GHz, and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is mainly absorption loss, which can realize the green protection of electromagnetic wave. And increasing the thickness in a wide frequency band can improve the shielding effectiveness.

INFLUENCE OF METAL MESH ON LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES

HU Jing, CAI Xiong-feng, HU Ang, DENG Yun-fei

2021, 0(1): 58-64.

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In order to investigate the influence of 304 stainless steel mesh on the low-velocity impact damage characteristics of glass fiber woven composite materials, the 2 mm thick glass fiber woven composite plates without and with one layer and three layers of 304 stainless steel mesh were impacted by drop-weight tester at 5 J, 20 J, 40 J, and 60 J energies, and also the influence of stainless steel mesh was analyzed on the aspects of load peak, maximum depression displacement, energy absorption, and damage mechanism. The results show that the peak load and the maximum depression displacement increase with the increase of the impact energy before the impact energy reaches the energy threshold of perforation. The addition of a three-layer stainless steel mesh enables the laminate to reach its maximum load at a small depression displacement, and has best impact resistance. The failure mode of the laminated plate is cruciform, the damage degree gradually deepens along the thickness, the damage degree is gradually serious along the thickness direction, and the damage is the most serious at the center point of the back surface. When the impact energy exceeds the energy threshold, the damage in the center area is petaling. The domain damage modes of plate are fiber tensile fracture and matrix fracture, and metal wire tensile fracture.

EFFECT OF CARBON FIBER SURFACE TREATMENT ON INTERFACIAL BONDING PERFORMANCE OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES

XU Sheng, HUANG Xue-fei, YANG Bin

2021, 0(1): 65-71.

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Interfacial modification acts as an important link to promote the development of thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced composites. In this article, the effects of electrochemical oxidation and epoxy sizing on the interfacial bonding performance of carbon fiber/polypropylene composites (CF/PP) were studied. The surface morphology and chemical properties of a series of carbon fibers were first characterized by AFM, XPS, etc. and then the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of these CF/PP were tested by microdroplet debonding experiments. The results show that high temperature carbonization make carbon fiber surface inert, and the IFSS of composites is only 3.76 MPa. The IFSS increased to 4.85 MPa after electrochemical oxidation as the roughness and the number of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface increased. The IFSS was further enhanced to 5.51 MPa after epoxy sizing with the introduction of a large number of active epoxy groups to the surface, which also exhibited higher interfacial uniformity. It is believed that it is the increase of mechanical interlocking, van der Waals force, and intermolecular entanglement caused by changes in the surface properties that are the dominant reasons for the improvement of CF/PP interfacial bonding performance. Compared with compatibilizer, traditional surface treatment of carbon fiber exerted a weak improvement on the CF/PP interfacial performance. Therefore, there is still great potential for improving the CF/PP interfacial bonding performance through developing more effective surface modification methods combined with compatibilizer.

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF SCARF-REPAIRED COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON COHESION MODEL

DU Xiao-wei

2021, 0(1): 72-77.

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In a war environment, the damage of fuselage composite material would reduce its combat effectiveness. Therefore, restoring combat capability through repair is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to explore the law of strength recovery of repaired composite materials, the strength prediction model of scarf-repaired composite material was established based on cohesion model and finite element method, and the influence of defect size and repair slope on strength was analyzed. The results indicate that, the stress concentration occurs at the intersection of 0° and 90° layers, and the stress can reach 6.3 times the average stress. The stress concentration effect may be the initial cause of the damage of the scarf-repaired composite materials. With the increase of defect size, the repair strength decreases. The initial damage of the scarf-repaired composite material is mainly generated in the adhesive layer, then the damage develops along the interface when the defect size is larger than 3 mm. With the increase of repair slope, the strength shows an increasing trend. In terms of repair efficiency, the repair slope greater than 1∶15 meets the repair requirements. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the repair technique and efficiency evaluation of aircraft composite materials.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF DP590 HIGH STRENGTH STEEL/CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE LAMINATES

HU Hai-chao, XU Shi-xin, WU Jin, DENG Su-huai, WANG Zhan-hui, BI Yan

2021, 0(1): 78-84.

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The DP590 high strength steel/carbon fiber composite laminates was successfully prepared by press molding process, and its microstructure and tensile properties were tested. The influence of the surface roughness of steel plate on the tensile strength of laminates was studied. The formula for predicting the tensile strength of laminates was proposed based on the tensile properties of DP590 and MVF theory. The results show that the composite laminates are compact with 0° carbon fiber layer, 90° carbon fiber layer, resin matrix and metal matrix. The metal matrix and the carbon fiber layer are filled by resin, which plays a good role in bonding. The microstructure has very little molding defects. Compared with DP590 high-strength steel, the density of the prepared laminate is reduced by 24%, which has obvious weight reduction effect. It shows that the compression molding process is suitable for the preparation of high-strength steel/carbon fiber composite laminates, and this type of material has a large potential for light weighting. Shot peening to improve the surface roughness of steel plate can improve the strength of laminated plate to a certain extent, with a maximum increase of 68 MPa, but the relationship between the roughness of steel plate and the average tensile strength of laminated plate is obviously nonlinear. Based on the MVF theory, the strength of composite laminates are predicted by tensile strength, yield strength and stress value of high strength steel when laminates break. The results show that the highest prediction errors are 38.5%, 12.8% and 8.1%, respectively. It shows that the application of MVF theory in the prediction of metal fiber laminate structure with high plasticity should fully consider the high plasticity of metal for the influence of prediction error. By using the corresponding high-strength steel stress value when the composite laminate is broken and substituting it into the MVF theoretical formula, better prediction accuracy of tensile strength can be obtained.

HYGROTHERMAL PROPERTIES OF BIOMASS RESIN MATRIX BASED ON ROSIN ANHYDRIDE UNDER DIFFERENT HYGROTHERMAL CONDITIONS

LI Di-hui, TONG Jian-feng, ZHANG Xu-feng, YI Xiao-su

2021, 0(1): 85-91.

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The water absorption property of bio-based resin matrix based on rosin-sourced anhydride was studied under room and 70 ℃ temperature in the environment of distilled water and nature sea water, and also the water absorption course was simulated by Fick model. The water absorption results of AGMP3600 were compared with those of epoxy resin system cured by dicyandiamide. The dynamical mechanic property and micromorphology for both resin before and after water absorption were investigated. The results show that AGMP3600 resin matrix has good water resistant, the quasi equilibrium water absorption rate at 70 ℃ in sea water is 2.01%, the diffusion coefficient is 1.77×10^-6 mm²/s. For AP2300 resin matrix , the quasi equilibrium water absorption rate at 70 ℃ in sea water is 6.60%, and the diffusion coefficient is 0.46×10^-6 mm²/s. With the soak time of casting sample lasting, the storage modulus of AGMP3600 first decreases and then increases, and the glass transition temperature corresponding to the peak value of mechanical loss decreases slightly. On the contrary, for the AP2300 resin matrix, the storage modulus and glass transition temperature are both decrease. From the micro metallographic photographs, the water absorption has little damage on the micropores of AGMP3600. But for AP2300 resin matrix, the water absorption made the number of micropore increasing and the volume enlarged.

STUDY ON FIBER REINFORCED PHOSPHATE MATRIX WAVE-TRANSMITTING COMPOSITES

JIAO Chun-rong, LIU Xiao-li

2021, 0(1): 92-96.

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Forming process, dielectric properties and mechanical properties of quartz fiber and alumina fiber reinforced phosphate matrix composites were studied in the paper, and the major reason was analyzed which affected the stability of the mechanical properties at the high temperature. Quartz fiber and alumina fiber reinforced phosphate matrix wave-transmitting composites were prepared, which could be applied stably at the temperatures of 300 ℃ and 700 ℃ separately, whose dielectric loss were less than 0.015 ranging from 8 GHz to 18 GHz. They are a sort of wave-transmitting and high temperature resistance composites, with low dielectric loss in the broadband frequency.

STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF FLOW FIELD AND STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ABLATION TIME ON ABLATION PROPERTIES OF FRP

ZHANG Lei, JIANG Bai-hong, WU Xian, PENG Guang-rui, YUAN Tao

2021, 0(1): 97-101.

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In this paper, the molded FRP material was taken as the research object, the high temperature ablation environment of the material was simulated by the oxygen propane torch flame test. Drew up the experiment plan and then started the experiment to FRP. The influence of ablation distance on the stability of flow field was studied under different heat flux values. It was found that when the heat flux value was greater than 1.0 MW/m², the ablative distance had less influence on the fluctuation of heat flux value, and the stability of the flow field was better. The influence of ablation time on the ablative performance of FRP was explored, and the reasons for the change of the surface morphology of FRP were analyzed. It was found that with the prolongation of ablation time, the mass ablation rate decreased significantly, and the consistency between the linear ablation rate and the mass ablation rate was poor. This was because the layered expansion of the molded FRP during the shorter ablation time resulted in the smaller linear ablation rate, but the weak carbon layer structure would result in the decrease of the quality of the material obviously. So the mass ablation rate was high. With the increase of ablation time from 60 seconds to 120 seconds, the layered accumulation of materials lead to the increase of material strength. The enhancement of erosion resistance decreased the mass ablation rate. Within the acceptable range of materials, the longer ablation time can accurately reflect the linear ablation rate of the material.

RESEARCH ON FATIGUE STRENGTH OPTIMIZATION OF BUSHING CONNECTION BOLTS FOR WIND POWER BLADES

YAN Ting, ZHOU Hai-bo, DENG Hang

2021, 0(1): 102-106.

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Fatigue fracture is the main failure mode of the root connection bolts of wind power blades. Based on the analysis data of "Influence on Bolts of Wind Turbine Blade Root Bushing Connection by Connection Parameters", the influence of another 2 parameters to the fatigue life of bushing connection bolts is analyzed, i.e., the thickness of pitch bearing and the outer diameter of bushings. Based on the analysis data, the effects of 6 typical parameters on the fatigue strength of blade root connection bolts are studied and compared. The analysis results show that: (1) increasing the thickness of pitch bearing and increasing the outer diameter of bushings are the most effective methods to improve the fatigue life of the connection bolts. (2) From the perspective of weight reduction, in order to improve the fatigue life of the connection bolt, priority should be given to reducing the shaft diameter and increasing the pretension force the bolts. If it is still not satisfied, increasing the outer diameter of bushings, increasing the flange thickness and increasing the thickness of pitch bearing should be considered successively.

STRUCTURAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY COCKPIT UNDER SEALING LOAD

LIN Peng, YAO Gang, LUO Jian-lan, WANG Ming, CAI Ji-jie, XI Shu-jian, YU Yi-shan

2021, 0(1): 107-111.

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In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of sealing load on the structural strength of high-speed railway cockpit,the cockpit of one high-speed train was taken as research target. First, Hypermesh was used to establish the finite element model of cockpit and the structural strength of cockpit under sealing load was evaluated. Then in response to the strength evaluation results, OptiStruct was used to optimize the layup of composite materials which were used in the side wall of cockpit. The research result shows that the effect of sealing load causes a large displacement close to the large opening structure. At the seam time, by optimizing the layup of composite materials, not only can the structural displacement be ameliorated, but the structural lightweight effect can also be achieved. The structural has a 14.2% reduction in displacement and a 6.95% reduction in weight compared to the original design.

EFFECT OF PRECURING TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF WIND TURBINE BLADE COMPOSITES

ZHAI Bao-li, YANG Qing-hai, ZHOU Bai-neng, WANG Ping

2021, 0(1): 112-115.

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This paper studies the static properties of resin and fatigue performance of unidirectional fabric composite material at four different pre-curing temperatures. The results show that the pre-curing temperature has no effect on the performance of epoxy resin and FRP statics mechanical properties, but has a great influence on the fatigue properties of the fiber reinforced epoxy resin. The relationship of precuring temperature and the fatigue m value trend is verified by experimental test, different precuring temperature on composite blade manufacturing blushing phenomena are analyzed. In this paper, the temperature boundary is proposed for the curing process of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites.

STUDY ON INSULATION OF COMPOSITE PANELS AND THEIR COMBINED STRUCTURES FOR URBAN RAIL VEHICLES

LIU Xiao-bo, WANG Xian-feng, LI Deng-ke

2021, 0(1): 116-120.

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Fiber reinforced composites, polymer composites, sandwich panels and other basic panels and their combined structures have been widely used in urban rail vehicles. Due to their unique performance and function, as well as the diversity of the combination scheme, it is often difficult to judge whether to accept or reject during using process. Based on the experimental test data, the paper analyzes the sound insulation, such as several typical single-layer composite plates, glass fiber composite and carbon fiber composite plates, aluminum honeycomb, foam sandwich panels, and various material combinations. At the same time, a lightweight requirement is considered. Finally, the basic principles of composite selection of urban rail vehicles are proposed, which can provide reference for the selection of composite materials for urban rail vehicles.

STATE-OF-THE-ART OF BFRP-FRCM COMPOSITE LAYER

WANG Qiu-wan, LIAO Wei-zhang, WANG Jun-jie

2021, 0(1): 121-128.

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Basalt fiber reinforced polymer-fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (BFRP-FRCM) composite layer, as a new type of reinforcement material, can apply the lightweight, high-strength and easy construction abilities of BFRP effectively. Meanwhile, when structures strengthened by BFRP-FRCM composite layer service incomplex environments of humidity, high temperature, fire, etc., steady cohesive of BFRP-FRCM will not reduce the reinforcement effect. Therefore, BFRP-FRCM is a kind of effective reinforcement material and has been widely used in the reinforcement of concrete and masonry structures. This paper systematically summarized the research progress of the mechanical performance,reinforcement performance and durability of BFRP-FRCM composite layer. The advantages and disadvantages of BFRP-FRCM reinforced components were discussed to provide advices for the further studies, including the optimization and development of BFRP-FRCM reinforcement technology.

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