Organic/inorganic composite materials: mineralization and applications of cellulose and its derivatives

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220428.019

Abstract

Abstract: Cellulose and its derivatives composited with hydroxypatite (HA) can create synergistic effects, which can combine the structure, functionality and flexibility of cellulose and the heat resistance, stability and biocompatibility of HA. The commonly used methods for preparing cellulose/HA composite mainly are the biomimetic mineralization and in-situ mineralization, of which the HA synthesized by biomimetic mineralization generally has nanoscale size and morphology, higher surface area and surface roughness, exhibiting more significant biological activity and absorbability. Cellulose can also adjust the crystal orientation and morphology of HA by different crosslinking strategies and chemical modification methods. This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose/HA composite materials and summarizes the properties of cellulose and HA as well as the regulation of HA mineralization by cellulose. The research status of cellulose/HA composite materials are highlighted in water treatment adsorbents, drug delivery systems and bone tissue engineering. Finally, the missing of interfacial theory is analyzed and the future research directions are prospected.

Key words: cellulose, hydroxyapatite, cellulose/inorganic composite materials, mineralization

CLC Number:

TB332

BAI Xue-meng, WANG Lu-yao, ZHENG Ya-hui, XIAO Ying-hong, CHE Jian-fei. Organic/inorganic composite materials: mineralization and applications of cellulose and its derivatives[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2022, 0(4): 120-128.

References

[1] HASANIN M S, MOUSTAFA G O. New potential green, bioactive and antimicrobial nanocomposites based on cellulose and amino acid[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 144: 441-448.
[2] HASANIN M, EL-HENAWY A, EISA W H, et al. Nano-amino acid cellulose derivatives: Eco-synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 132: 963-969.
[3] MUN S, MANIRUZZAMAN M, KO H U, et al. Preparation and characterisation of cellulose ZnO hybrid film by blending method and its glucose biosensor application[J]. Materials Technology, 2014, 30(B3): B150-B154.
[4] KICKELBICK G. Concepts for the incorporation of inorganic building blocks into organic polymers on a nanoscale[J]. Progress in Polymer Science, 2003, 28(1): 83-114.
[5] MENG H, CHANG C, NA P, et al. Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/cellulose nanocomposite films[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 87(4): 2512-2518.
[6] SHCHIPUNOV Y, POSTNOVA I. Cellulose mineralization as a route for novel functional materials[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(27): 1705042.
[7] MA J, WANG J, AI X, et al. Biomimetic self-assembly of apatite hybrid materials: From a single molecular template to bi-/multi-molecular templates[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2014, 32(4): 744-760.
[8] HAMZA S. MHD flow of cellulose derivatives and dilute suspensions rheology of its nanocrystals[J]. American Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 2017, 7(1): 23-40.
[9] 蔡杰. 纤维素科学与材料[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2015.
[10] NECHYPORCHUK O, BELGACEM M N, BRAS J. Production of cellulose nanofibrils: A review of recent advances[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2016, 93: 2-25.
[11] LIEBERT T, SCHILLER F, JENA D. Cellulose solvents-remarkable history, bright future[J]. Acs Symposium, 2010, 1033: 3-54.
[12] FANG Z, LI B, LIU Y, et al. Critical role of degree of polymerization of cellulose in super-strong nanocellulose films[J]. Matter, 2020, 2(4): 1000-1014.
[13] CAI J, ZHANG L. Rapid dissolution of cellulose in LiOH/Urea and NaOH/Urea aqueous solutions[J]. Macromolecular Bioscience, 2005, 5(6): 539-548.
[14] 段博, 涂虎, 张俐娜. 可持续高分子-纤维素新材料研究进展[J]. 高分子学报, 2020, 51(1): 76-96.
[15] 姚一军, 王鸿儒. 纤维素化学改性的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(19): 201-211.
[16] TAVAKOLIAN M, JAFARI S M, VEN T. A review on surface-functionalized cellulosic nanostructures as biocompatible antibacterial materials[J]. Nano-Micro Letters, 2020, 12(1):73.
[17] DONNALOJA F, JACCHETTI E, SONCINI M, et al. Natural and synthetic polymers for bone scaffolds optimization[J]. Polymers, 2020, 12(4): 905.
[18] DU H S, LIU W, ZHANG M M, et al. Cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils based hydrogels for biomedical applications-science direct[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 209: 130-144.
[19] YAN G H, CHEN B L, ZENG X H, et al. Recent advances on sustainable cellulosic materials for pharmaceutical carrier applications[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 244: 116492.
[20] DOELKER E. Cellulose derivatives[J].Advances in Polymer Science, 1993, 107: 199-265.
[21] IBRAHIM M, LABAKI M, GIRAUDON J M, et al. Hydroxyapatite, a multifunctional material for air, water and soil pollution control: A review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 383: 121139.
[22] NARWADE V N, KHAIRNAR R S, et al. Cobalt adsorption on the nano-hydroxyapatite matrix: isotherm and kinetic studies[J]. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 2017, 65(2): 131-137.
[23] SALAMA A, EL-SAKHAWY M. Preparation of polyelectrolyte/calcium phosphate hybrids for drug delivery application[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 113: 500-506.
[24] SARKAR C, CHOWDHURI A R, KUMAR A, et al. One pot synthesis of carbon dots decorated carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for drug delivery, tissue engineering and Fe³⁺ ion sensing[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 181: 710-718.
[25] LIU J M, YU P, WANG D Q, et al. Wood-derived hybrid scaffold with highly anisotropic features on mechanics and liquid transport toward cell migration and alignment[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(15): 17969-17978.
[26] BÄUERLEIN E, PICKETTHEAPS J. Handbook of biomineralization: Biological aspects and structure formation[M]. New Jersey: Wiley, 2008: 109-117.
[27] 崔福斋等. 生物矿化[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2007.
[28] MANN S. Biomineralization: Principles and concepts in bioinorganic materials chemistry[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
[29] NUDELMAN F, SOMMERDIJK N. Biomineralization as an inspiration for materials chemistry[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2012, 51(27): 6582-6596.
[30] NGE T T, SUGIYAMA J. Surface functional group dependent apatite formation on bacterial cellulose microfibrils network in a simulated body fluid[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2007, 81A(1): 124-134.
[31] WEI G B, MA P X. Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering-science direct[J]. Biomaterials, 2004, 25(19): 4749-4757.
[32] WANG Y, LI L, GUO S. Characterization of biodegradable and cytocompatible nano-hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone porous scaffolds in degradation in vitro[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2010, 95(2): 207-213.
[33] SADAT-SHOJAI M, KHORASANI M T, DINPANAH-KHOSHDARGI E, et al. Synthesis methods for nanosized hydroxyapatite with diverse structures[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2013, 9(8): 7591-7621.
[34] SI J, CUI Z, WANG Q, et al. Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on mineralization of hydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(-caprolactone)/nanocellulose fibers[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 143: 270-278.
[35] TANAHASHI M, MATSUDA T. Surface functional group dependence on apatite formation on self-assembled monolayers in a simulated body fluid[J]. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2015, 34(3): 305-315.
[36] FRAGAL E H, CELLET T S P, FRAGAL V H, et al. Biomimetic nanocomposite based on hydroxyapatite mineralization over chemically modified cellulose nanowhiskers: An active platform for osteoblast proliferation[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 125: 133-142.
[37] GORGIEVA S, GIRANDON L, KOKOL V. Mineralization potential of cellulose-nanofibrils reinforced gelatine scaffolds for promoted calcium deposition by mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Materials Science and Engineering C: Materials for Biological Applications, 2017, 73(4): 478-489.
[38] CHEN J, ZHANG T, HUA W, et al. 3D Porous poly(lactic acid)/regenerated cellulose composite scaffolds based on electrospun nanofibers for biomineralization[J]. Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2020, 585: 124048.
[39] BOUJAADY H E, RHILASSI A E, BENNANI-ZIATNI M, et al. Removal of a textile dye by adsorption on synthetic calcium phosphates[J]. Desalination, 2011, 275(1-3): 10-16.
[40] SALAMA A. Functionalized hybrid materials assisted organic dyes removal from aqueous solutions[J]. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 2016, 6:159-163.
[41] SALAMA A. New sustainable hybrid material as adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions[J]. J Colloid Interface, 2017, 487: 348-353.
[42] GOPAKUMAR D A, PASQUINI D, HENRIQUE M A, et al. Meldrum′s acid modified cellulose nanofiber-based polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membrane for dye water treatment and nanoparticle removal [J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 5(2): 2026-2033.
[43] HOKKANEN S, REPO E, WESTHOLM L J, et al. Adsorption of Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, PO^3-₄ and NO^-₃ from aqueous solutions by nanostructured microfibrillated cellulose modified with carbonated hydroxyapatite[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 252: 64-74.
[44] HOKKANEN S, BHATNAGAR A, REPO E, et al. Calcium hydroxyapatite microfibrillated cellulose composite as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 283: 445-452.
[45] NÚ$\bar{N}$-EZ D, CÁCERES R, IDE W, et al. An ecofriendly nanocomposite of bacterial cellulose and hydroxyapatite efficiently removes lead from water[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 165: 2711-2720.
[46] SMICIKLAS I, ONJIA A, RAIEVI S, et al. Factors influencing the removal of divalent cations by hydroxyapatite[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(2): 876-884.
[47] SUZUKI T, ISHIGAKI K, MIYAKE M. Synthetic hydroxyapatites as inorganic cation exchangers. Part 3.—Exchange characteristics of lead ions (Pb2⁺)[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1984, 80(11): 3157.
[48] NARWADE V N, KHAIRNAR R S, KOKOL V. In-situ synthesised hydroxyapatite-loaded films based on cellulose nanofibrils for phenol removal from wastewater[J]. Cellulose, 2017, 24(11): 4911-4925.
[49] LANGER R. Drug delivery and targeting[J]. Nature, 1998, 392(6679 Suppl): 5-10.
[50] SARAVANAKUMAR G, JO D G, PARK J H. Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles: A versatile platform for drug delivery and biomedical imaging[J]. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2012, 19(19): 3212-3229.
[51] BARCLAY T G, DAY C M, PETROVSKY N, et al. Review of polysaccharide particle-based functional drug delivery[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 221: 94-112.
[52] SALAMA A. Chitosan based hydrogel assisted spongelike calcium phosphate mineralization for in-vitro BSA release[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018, 108: 471-476.
[53] WANG N, WANG Y, GUO T, et al. Green preparation of carbon dots with papaya as carbon source for effective fluorescent sensing of Iron (Ⅲ) and Escherichia coli[J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2016, 85: 68-75.
[54] SARKAR C, CHOWDHURI A R, GARAI S, et al. Three-dimensional cellulose-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite enriched with dexamethasone loaded metal-organic framework: A local drug delivery system for bone tissue engineering[J]. Cellulose, 2019, 26(12): 7253-7269.
[55] COLLINS M N, REN G, YOUNG K, et al. Scaffold fabrication technologies and structure/function properties in bone tissue engineering[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021,31(21): 2010609.
[56] BRYDONE A S, MEEK D, MACLAINE S. Bone grafting, orthopaedic biomaterials, and the clinical need for bone engineering[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2010, 224(12): 1329-1343.
[57] SCOTT J, HOLLISTER. Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering[J]. Nature Materials, 2005, 5(7): 590-590.
[58] AMINI A R, LAURENCIN C T, NUKAVARAPU S P. Bone tissue engineering: Recent advances and challenges[J]. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2012, 40(5): 363-408.
[59] JODATI H, YıLMAZ B, EVIS Z. A review of bioceramic porous scaffolds for hard tissue applications: Effects of structural features[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(10): 15725-15739.
[60] GRITSCH L, MAQBOOL M, MOURIO V, et al. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite bone tissue engineering scaffolds with dual and decoupled therapeutic ion delivery: Copper and strontium[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, 7(40): 6109-6124.
[61] CHINTA M L, VELIDANDI A, PABBATHI N P P, et al. Assessment of properties, applications and limitations of scaffolds based on cellulose and its derivatives for cartilage tissue engineering: A review[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 175: 495-515.
[62] 晋艳茹, 贾庆明, 陕绍云. 羟基磷灰石/纤维素复合材料在骨组织工程中的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(12A): 4008-4015.
[63] WU M, WU P, XIAO L, et al. Biomimetic mineralization of novel hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate scaffolds promote bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 162: 1627-1641.
[64] LUZ E P C G, CHAVES P H S, VIEIRA L D A P, et al. In vitro degradability and bioactivity of oxidized bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 237: 116-174.