COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Influence of different parameters of filter function in the form of power function on the convergence rate of laminate topology optimization

YAN Jin-shun, SUN Peng-wen, MA Zhi-kun, ZHAO Xiong-xiang, DONG Xin-hong

2022, 0(6): 5-9. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.001

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The role of the filter function in the establishment and solution of the mathematical model for composite laminates topology optimization based on independent continuous mapping method, and the influence of different parameters of the filter function in the form of power function on the optimization convergence rate is studied in this paper. Through introducing the filter function in the form of power function, the mathematical model of topology optimization with the minimum mass as the objective function under displacement constraint is established, the sensitivity formulas of the objective function and the constraint function is deduced, and the sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to solve. The results show that the optimal convergence rate varies with the parameters of the filter function in the form of power function, and choosing appropriate parameters can improve the convergence rate. At the same time, improving the convergence rate can reduce the dependence of the mapping inversion result on the given replacement threshold, reduce the difference between the objective function of the continuous solution and the discrete solution, and increase the result reliability.

Study on deterioration model of fiber reinforced polymer by Weibull probability distribution

WU Yi-bin, XU Li-hua, JIN Guo-fang, OU Yong-hui

2022, 0(6): 10-16. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.002

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In order to further understand the long-term performance of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP) under different exposure circumstances, a new degradation model, based on existing durability of experimental data and analysis of the scale parameter η and the shape parameter β, is proposed to describe long-term deterioration of FRP characteristics by using two-parameter Weibull distributions. Based on the result, the scale parameter η of tensile strength is found to decrease significantly with increasing time, and the decline is faster in the early stage of degradation; and the shape factor β is insensitive to different exporsure circumstances. The prediction of probabilistic model are compared with experimental durability data and characteristics value, and the results indicate that the proposed model can well predict the long-term characteristics of FRP. Finally, the environment reduction factor κ_env is suggested, which serves as important reference in strengthening design.

Influence of ply angular deviations on surface profiles of curved composite laminates

YANG Zhi-yong, LIU Qing-nian, SUN Jian-bo, XIE Yong-jie, ZUO Xiao-biao, ZHANG Jian-bao

2022, 0(6): 17-26. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.003

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Ply angular deviation is difficult to completely avoid in the process of prepreg placement, and occurs on one or muti-layer prepreg sheest randomly. It's of engineering significance to study the influence and application method of ply angular deviation on surface profiles of typical curved composite laminates. Under the condition that the total thickness of composite laminates is the same, six group quasi isotropic ply sequences were designed. Through finite element analysis, probability theory method and typical laminate forming verification, the influence of single-layer, two-layer and muti-layer ply angle deviations on the surface profiles and effect rules of curved composite laminates was studied. And the control points for improving surface accuracy of laminates placed by unidirectional prepreg were obtained. The results show that ply angular deviation occurs in outer layer, has a greater influence on surface accuracy of laminates than inner layer, and surface accuracy of laminates decreases with the increase of ply angle deviation. Ply angular deviation directly causes the change of saddle-shaped profile of composite laminate. The saddle profile of laminates can be effectively restrained by controlling the ply angle deviation within 0.25°. Appropriately reducing lamina thickness of prepreg, increasing fiber orientation angles and total plies can effectively reduce the influence of ply angular deviation on composite laminates with limited total thickness.

Study on interfacial adhesion of amino-functionalized graphene-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites

HUANG Dong-hui, ZENG Shao-hua

2022, 0(6): 27-32. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20210928.031

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To enhance the interfacial adhesion of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites (GFRE), amino-functionalized graphene was first obtained by grafting aliphatic diamines on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via the covalent bond, and then deposited on the surface of glass fibers to obtain an amino-functionalized graphene-glass fiber preform. Finally, the amino-functionalized graphene-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite was prepared based on the vacuum assisted resin injection molding process. The results show that the modification of GO by aliphatic diamine with appropriate alkyl chain lengths can contribute to improving the interfacial adhesion of the composites, while the long alkyl chain weakens the interfacial adhesion strength of the composites. Compared with pure GFRE, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites containing diaminooctane-modified GO were the best. The interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength and modulus of such composite were promoted by about 35%, 37% and 28%, respectively. And its flexural strength and modulus were improved by 32% and 43%, respectively. The glass transition temperature of such composite increased by nearly 9 ℃.

Experimental study on bonding capacity of FRP-masonry interface with various end anchorages

TANG Yong-ming, GUO Xiao-yun, CHEN Jie

2022, 0(6): 33-40. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.005

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The application of appropriate end anchorage measures can effectively improve the bonding force of the interface between FRP and masonry, and delay or prevent the premature end stripping failure. In order to clarify the effect of end anchorage on bond performance, a series of single shear tests of GFRP-masonry bond joint with fourkinds of end anchorage were designed and manufactured on the basis of summarizing existing end anchorage measures and methods. The failure and load-slip and strain distribution characteristics of the specimens were analyzed by single shear and tensile tests, and the working mechanism and applicability of anchorage were discussed. The experimental results show that the failure mode of FRP to masonry interface was interfacial debonding for all specimens. The ultimate bearing capacity of Carbon Spike Anchor (CSA), Adhesive-Mechanical Hybrid Anchor (AMHA), New Epoxy Anchor (NEA) and Bidirectional Carbon Patch Anchor (BCPA) specimens increased by 85.69%, 88.34%, 68.82% and 50.09%, respectively, compared with the Reference (REF) specimens. The debonding slip of BCPA specimens has the most significant limitation, which reduces by 44.58%. The test results can also provide reference for choosing the best anchorage method in practical engineering.

Study on the preparation and properties of synergistic reinforcement system of carbon fiber and polyamide self-reinforced composite

MEN Shu-lin, ZHANG Jian-min, GAO Zhi-hao, WEN Rong-yan, LUO Lin, CUI Xiao-chen

2022, 0(6): 41-46. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20211028.031

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A synergistically reinforced composite system (CF-PF/coPA) from unidirectional carbon fibers and self-reinforced polyamide composites was prepared by film stacking and hot pressing process. This self-reinforced polyamide composites with excellent interfacial properties and toughness were introduced into carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites (CF/coPA). Longitudinal/transversal mechanical properties, flexual properties and thermo-mechanical properties were studied by 0° and 90° tensile tests, three-point bending tests and dynamic mechanical tests of these unidirectional CF-PF/coPA composites with different fiber volume fractions. Compared with PF20/coPA composites, longitudinal tensile strength (267.6 MPa) and modulus (8.9 GPa) of CF-PF (10∶10)/coPA composites have improved by 38.6% and 778.7%, respectively. Moreover, flexual strength (68.04 MPa) improved by 78.2% and 18.8% respectively compared with PF/coPA and CF/coPA composites. Meanwhile, the fiber reinforcing efficiency has been improved by 18.3% compared with CF20/coPA composites. SEM images of fractured surfaces, 90° tensile and three-point bending tests show that CF-PF/coPA composites exhibit superior interfacial properties. Dynamic mechanical tests show that the composites have higher mechanical properties than PF20/coPA and CF20/coPA composites at both low and high temperatures. Therefore, this synergistically reinforced composite system shows potential advantages on properties and cost issues, suggesting its theoretical and practical significance in lightweight applications of structural materials.

Effect of BP-GO-AgNPs composite powder addition on antibacterial performance of BP-GO-AgNPs composite coating

XIAO Peng, LI Xiu-qin, FENG Xia, ZHANG Bei-bei, LI Bo-xuan

2022, 0(6): 47-52. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.007

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BP-GO-AgNPs antibacterial composite coating was prepared by adding BP-GO-AgNPs antibacterial composite powder to epoxy resin. The effects of different amount of BP-GO-AgNPs composite powder on the surface hydrophilicity, substrate adhesion and bacteriostasis of the coating were investigated. SEM and contact angle tests are used to observe the micro morphology of the coating surface and judge the hydrophilicity of the coating surface. The results show that the hydrophilicity of the coating surface is not significantly changed with the addition of composite powder. The adhesion grade of the composite coating is evaluated by grid method. The results show that the adhesion grade of the composite coating with 1wt% and 3wt% is better, and the grade is grade 0. The antibacterial properties of the composite coating are tested by film method. The results show that the antibacterial rates of the composite coating against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increase first and then decrease with the increase of the addition amount. When the addition amount is 3wt%, the antibacterial effect of the composite coating against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is the best, the antibacterial rates are 95% and 89.6% respectively, and the antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli is stronger than that on Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the above properties, the optimal amount of antibacterial composite powder is 3wt%.

Three dimensional hydrogen bonding network of filler/matrix improves mechanical properties of PHBV composites

ZHAO Bao-yan, CHEN Li-na, ZHANG Li, BAO Jin-biao

2022, 0(6): 53-58. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.008

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Through the melt blending method, the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network of biomass filler was constructed to enhance the filler matrix interaction among chitin, tannic acid and PHBV, and the bending and impact properties of chitin-tannic acid/PHBV composites were greatly improved. The changes of characteristic peaks of PHBV matrix before and after adding chitin and tannic acid were studied by infrared spectroscopy,the formation of three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network was discussed, and whether the hydrogen bonding successfully interacted between matrix and filler was verified. The test results of mechanical properties show that PHBV composites have excellent bending and impact properties. After introducing three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network, its bending modulus increases to 833 MPa, which is about 1.79 times of the pure sample. The bending strength increases from 28.7 MPa to 42.5 MPa, which is increased by 48%. The impact strength reaches 2 851 J/m², which is 68.3% higher than that of the pure sample. SEM was used to observe the microstructure of the bending section and the dispersion of fillers. The results show that chitin, tannic acid and polymer matrix were well mixed, and the interfacial interaction between the two phases was further enhanced. WAXD and DSC were used to investigate the crystallinity. The results show that the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network destroyed the regularity of macromolecular chain to a certain extent, restricted the movement of molecular chain, and led to the decrease of crystallinity to a certain extent.

Research on properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch composite

LIU Ya-qi, LIU Yun-hao, LI Pu-wang, WANG Chao, SONG Shu-hui, YANG Zi-ming

2022, 0(6): 59-64. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.009

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In order to study the properties of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch composite, pineapple leaf fiber reinforced thermoplastic starch composite was prepared by hot-pressing method by using dialdehyde starch as raw material, glycerin as plasticizer and pineapple leaf fiber as reinforced material. The effects of pineapple leaf fiber with different sizes on mechanical properties, density,water content and degradable properties of composites were studied. The surface and cross-section morphology of composites were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites can be effectively improved by adding pineapple leaf fiber. With the decrease of the pineapple leaf fiber size, the mechanical properties of the composite gradually increase and then decrease. The tensile strength reached the maximum of 7.18 MPa with the fiber size of 0.6 mm. When the fiber size was >0.6 mm, the best flexural strength reached 13.79 MPa. With the decrease of pineapple leaf fiber size, the density of composite increased gradually, and the water content decreased generally. In the short-term degradation time, the weight loss rate of the composite gradually decreases with the reduction of fiber size in the conventional and yeast soil environment. The weight loss rate gradually tended to be the same with the extension of time.

Investigation of carbon paper micro-structure by micro computed tomography

SHI Qi-tong, LI Bing, FENG Cong, MING Pin-wen, ZHANG Cun-man

2022, 0(6): 65-69. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.010

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As a kind of multifunctional and high porosity carbon fiber composite, carbon paper plays an important role in mass transfer, heat and electric conductivity in the fuel cell, and its micro-structure characteristics directly determine the performance and durability. In this paper, the micro-structure of carbon paper is reconstructed by micro computed tomography (CT). And the volume fraction, pore diameter distribution, carbon fiber length, tortuosity, orientation and slant angle are measured and analyzed. Results indicate that the pore diameters approximately obey normal distribution, and the average pore diameter is 30.95 μm. The carbon fiber lengths and chord lengths obey 3-parameter Weibull distribution, and the average tortuosity is 1.03, which means that the fiber linearity is well. The orientation angle is distributed in the probability range of 0°~90°, and only 1.1% of the slant angle is more than 45°, indicating that the carbon fibers are randomly distributed on the XY plane, and only a small number of fibers migrate vertically into carbon. Finally, some distinct characteristics and defects in the micro-structure of carbon paper have been pointed out. This study is helpful to improve the understanding of the role of carbon paper in fuel cell.

Basalt-PVA fiber synergistically enhances the flexural tensile and impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete

LI Cheng-jin, LI Jing, XIA Jin-hong

2022, 0(6): 70-75. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.011

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The flexural tensile strength, flexural tensile modulus and impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete mixed with basalt-PVA fiber were tested, and the effect of basalt-PVA fiber on the flexural tensile and impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete was obtained. The results show that fiber-mixed materials are better than fiber-only materials in improving the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete. When the basalt-PVA fiber content is 0.6% and the blending ratio is 1∶2, the bending resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete, tensile strength and flexural tensile modulus of elasticity have the largest increase, which are 22.19% and 23.78% higher than the benchmark group respectively. The dynamic compression performance test results are more consistent with the flexural tensile strength test results, when the amount is too large the strength of lightweight aggregates will decline, and even have negative effects. Finally, the mechanism of fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete was described and the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) test analysis was carried out.

Study on preparation and properties of flame retardant plant fiber honeycomb core

LIU Yan-feng, LIU Qing-man, CHEN Xu

2022, 0(6): 76-80. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.012

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In order to respond to the environmental objectives of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China and improve the cost performance of honeycomb core, wood fiber paper and hybrid fiber paper are used to prepare honeycomb core materials. The preparation process, flame retardancy, mechanical properties and water migration properties of honeycomb core are studied. The results show that when the weight ratio of flame retardant to paper is about 6%, both wood fiber paper honeycomb core with 48 kg/m³ bulk density and hybrid fiber paper honeycomb core have excellent flame retardant properties. The average self extinguishing time is 0 s, the average burning length is 79 mm and 51 mm, respectively, and the average combustion time of dripping is 0 s, which can meet the requirements of HB 5469-91 vertical combustion flame retardant. At room temperature, the steady-state plane compressive strength of wood fiber paper honeycomb core and hybrid fiber paper honeycomb core are 1.64 MPa and 1.75 MPa, respectively, the L-direction shear strength is 1.02 MPa and 1.08 MPa, respectively, and the W-direction shear strength is 0.53 MPa and 0.61 MPa, respectively.

Structure design and verification of resin matrix composite bypass casing

LIU Chao, WU Zheng-hong, SHAO Hong-yan, LIN Lei, MA Jian

2022, 0(6): 81-88. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.013

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In order to achieve the weight reduction goal of an aero-engine, the structure design of the composite bypass casing structure was carried out. According to the overall design requirements, firstly, the working environment was analyzed and the material selection was completed. Secondly, the lightweight design of the casing structure was carried out. Based on the classic laminate theory and the Cai-Hill failure criterion, the VBA calculation program for the ultimate strength of the typical laminate was developed to complete the layering scheme design of the casing. Secondary development through UG, solved the difficult problem of metal mounting seat modeling, and improved the efficiency of structural design. Through measures such as laying a thermal protective film on the inner wall of the casing and optimizing the structure of the exhaust plug of the "unloading cavity", the thermal protection design of the casing was completed. Finally, the assembly analysis and thermal deformation analysis of the casing were completed, and the external load determination of the engine working task profile was realized through MATLAB programming, and the static strength and fatigue test verification of the typical structure and the full-size casing were completed. Compared with the original titanium alloy casing, the newly designed and manufactured composite bypass casing has a weight reduction efficiency of 27.8%, reaching the goal of design. The full-scale test and the installed application of the casing further verify the reliability of the design.

Preparation and performance research of carbon fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene composites based on vacuum-assisted resin infusion processing

YANG Qing, CHENG Chao, DIAO Chun-xia, LU Yue-en, ZHOU Fei, DING Xiao-ma, CHEN Zheng-guo

2022, 0(6): 89-95. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.014

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In this paper, carbon fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) composites, based on the liquid resin infusion process, were successfully prepared with the addition of polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) copolymer and tributyl phosphite for the purpose of tackifying and retarding polymerization, respectively. The composition of the hybrid resin system is determined by studying the influence of the tackifier content on the monomer viscosity and the mechanical properties of the resin after polymerization. The SBS/PDCPD/carbon fiber composite was prepared by the VARI process, and the mode Ⅰ interlaminar fracture toughness and flexural properties of were compared with the epoxy resin/carbon fiber composite. The results show that the initiation and propagation values of mode Ⅰ interlaminar fracture toughness of the carbon fiber composite prepared by SBS/PDCPD is 26.1% and 30.4% higher than the epoxy resin/carbon fiber composite, while the flexural strength is lower. The microstructure shows that the residual polydicyclopentadiene resin on the surface of the carbon fiber undergoes significant plastic deformation, but the bonding force between the resin and the carbon fiber is poor, and the load cannot be transmitted well between the resin and the fiber, resulting in poor flexural properties.

Research on the mechanical performance of 110 kV composite rocket tower with compact shape

ZHU Ye, WU Xiong, FENG Bing, LI Pan-feng

2022, 0(6): 96-104. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.015

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In economically developed urban areas, there is a conflict between tight land supply and land acquisition for transmission lines. To solve the problem, this work research developed a composite insulating compact tower with a rocket-like shape, in which the wires pass through the inside of the insulating composite tower, compressing the width of the line corridor to the greatest extent. The mechanical properties of the 110 kV composite rocket tower were simulated and calculated, and truly experimental mechanical tested. The research results showed that the 110 kV composite rocket tower with a root opening of 1.8 meters and height of 19 meters had passed 100% design load tests under four operating conditions, including normal operation, disconnect the wire, 90° wind and uneven icing. There was no abnormality in all parts of the tower. The true mechanical test result was highly consistent with the simulation result of the tower, and the maximum deformation of the tower body occurred in the root area of the rocket tower, and the corresponding maximum deformation of the main rod was located in the root area of the rocket tower. Under the condition of nonuniform icing, the end displacement of the rocket tower was the largest, and the maximum displacement was 48 mm, which met the design requirements of the 110 kV tower.

Design and analysis of screw device for fiber winding tank tooling rod

TIAN Hui-fang, REN Zheng, WU Ying-feng, ZHANG Guo-wu

2022, 0(6): 105-110. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.016

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In this paper, a screw device is designed for automatic handling and automatic loading and unloading of the tooling rod of the fiber winding tank. It can mainly realize the working requirements of handling tooling rod and core mold, holding core mold, loading and unloading tooling rod and installing core mold bottom support. This paper mainly introduces the design of tooling rod structure, clamping screw device and manipulator end-effector structure, and the fiber winding tank tooling rod screw device in SolidWorks software for the overall design and assembly, the size of the clamping force and vacuum sucker suction, of which the results meet the requirements of the work. In the Ansys Workbench software, the clamping device and tooling rod were simulated and analyzed respectively in the working state to verify the rationality of the design.

The study of the on-line prepreg pultrusion process of phenolic resin

MAO Yi-mei, GUO Jian-jun, ZHENG Shi-hong, MAO Ya-sai

2022, 0(6): 111-114. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.017

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Due to the volatilization of inactive diluent during the curing of phenolic resin, the pultruded products are loose and have low strength. In order to improve this defect, the on-line prepreg pultrusion process of phenolic resin was developed by combining pultrusion process with prepreg technology. That was, the impregnated yarn was dried at 85 ℃ for 10 min, which can effectively remove the inactive diluent, most free aldehydes and some free phenols before entering the mold, which solved the problem to control the volatiles in the traditional phenolic pultrusion process, and the curing process of phenolic resin was not affected. By testing and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of two products, it is found that porosity of the prepreg pultrusion products and the water absorption were significantly reduced. And the density, compressibility, interlaminar shear strength and impact toughness were improved greatly, proving the processing feasibility of the prepreg pultrusion.

Research progress on anti-ultraviolet aging of aromatic polyamide fibers

WEI Feng, PEI Yong-yong, XU Hai-bing, YAN Chun, LIU Dong, OUYANG Shao-bo, ZHU Ying-dan

2022, 0(6): 115-121. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.018

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Aromatic polyamide fibers have broad applications in military and civilian fields, due to their excellent advantages such as ultrahigh strength and modulus, light weight, heat-resisting, impact and fatigue resistance. However, owing to the large number of chromogenic groups in the molecular structure, aromatic polyamide fibers easily absorb ultraviolet radiation and cause irreversible photo-aging damage, which restricts their service performance. This paper summarizes their ultraviolet sensitivity characteristics, photo-aging mechanism, and highlights the current main anti-ultraviolet aging modification methods.

Research progress of 3D printing technology in space for composites

CHEN Yi, MO Gui-dong, YU Kang, QIN Jun-jie, LI Jing-yang, QI Jun-feng, LAI Xiao-ming

2022, 0(6): 122-128. DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20220628.019

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As an on-orbit manufacturing technology, 3D printing in space can quickly realize the manufacture of complex and special-shaped products, which is of great significance for deep space exploration, construction of extraterrestrial bases. However, due to the extreme environmental conditions in space (microgravity, high vacuum, high alternating temperature, strong radiation, etc.), higher requirements for 3D printing equipment, materials and technologies are proposed. At present, 3D printing in space for composites has short development time and very low technological maturity. Only a few countries in the world have realized on-orbit verification. In this work, the 3D printing technology home and abroad is briefly reviewed firstly. Then based on the 3D printing system developed by our team and its on-orbit verification, the design of the space 3D printing suitable for the spacecraft cabin is proposed and the key technologies are analyzed. Finally, the prospects and suggestions for 3D printing composites in China are given. This work aims to provide some foundations for the future engineering applications of space 3D printing.

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