碳纤维增强复合材料反射镜制备与应用研究进展

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20250928.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)因其高比刚度、低面密度和优异的热稳定性,成为大口径空间望远镜和自适应光学系统中反射镜轻量化设计的理想材料。本文系统综述了CFRP反射镜的设计与制造工艺进展、环境适应性研究及其在大型望远镜中的应用现状。通过优化铺层设计、改进固化工艺及表面处理技术,可有效抑制纤维透印(Fiber Print-Though,FPT)和固化残余应力引起的面形误差,使CFRP反射镜的面形精度达到λ/10级别(RMS)。然而,CFRP的吸湿性和热膨胀系数各向异性仍是制约其工程应用的关键问题。为此,本文进一步探讨了主动光学控制技术与CFRP反射镜的结合,使CFRP反射镜可根据力和环境变化调整面形,验证了其在可变形镜和大口径拼接镜中的应用潜力。未来需聚焦新型基体材料开发、多场耦合机理分析及长期服役性能评估,以推动CFRP反射镜在极端环境下的可靠应用。

关键词: 碳纤维增强复合材料, 轻量化反射镜, 环境适应性, 主动光学反射镜

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have emerged as ideal materials for lightweight mirror design in large-aperture space telescopes and adaptive optical systems due to their high specific stiffness, low areal density, and excellent thermal stability. Systematically review advances in CFRP mirror design, manufacturing processes, environmental adaptability studies, and their applications in large telescopes. Research demonstrates that optimizing layup design, refining curing processes, and enhancing surface treatment techniques effectively suppress fiber print-through (FPT) and curing-induced residual stress, achieving surface accuracy up to λ/10 (root mean square, RMS). However, the hygroscopicity of CFRP and anisotropy in their coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) remain critical challenges for practical engineering applications. This paper further discussed the combination of active optical control technology with CFRP mirror, which adjusted the surface shape according to the change of force and environment, and verified its potential application in deformable mirror and large aperture splicing mirror. In the future, it is necessary to focus on the development of new matrix materials, multi-field coupling mechanism analysis and long-term service performance evaluation to promote the reliable application of CFRP mirrors in extreme environments.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced polymer, lightweight mirrors, environmental adaptability, active optical mirrors

中图分类号:

TB332

吴迪, 刘驻, 毕团利, 程路超, 刘震宇, 章继峰. 碳纤维增强复合材料反射镜制备与应用研究进展[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2025, 0(9): 135-146.

WU Di, LIU Zhu, BI Tuanli, CHENG Luchao, LIU Zhenyu, ZHANG Jifeng. Progress in the preparation and application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer mirrors[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2025, 0(9): 135-146.

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