阴极电化学接枝离子液体改善高模量碳纤维界面性能的研究

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260928.007

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (9): 60-71.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260928.007

阴极电化学接枝离子液体改善高模量碳纤维界面性能的研究

张彤¹, 李鸿鑫¹, 曹维宇^1,2*, 王梦梵^1,2*

1.北京化工大学碳纤维及功能高分子教育部重点实验室,北京 100029;
2.北京化工大学有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室,北京 100029

收稿日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-09-23
通讯作者: 曹维宇(1972—),男,博士,教授,研究方向为高性能碳纤维及其复合材料,caowy@mail.buct.edu.cn。王梦梵(1989—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为高性能碳纤维及其复合材料,Wangmf@buct.edu.cn。
作者简介:张彤(2002—),女,硕士,研究方向为高模量碳纤维的界面性能。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JD2606)

Research on the improvement of interface properties of high modulus carbon fibers by cathodic electrochemical grafting of ionic liquids

ZHANG Tong¹, LI Hongxin¹, CAO Weiyu^1,2*, WANG Mengfan^1,2*

1. Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Organic-InorganicComposites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2026-03-11 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-09-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对高模量碳纤维表面化学惰性强、表面能低导致其与树脂基体界面结合较差的问题,本文提出一种采用阴极电化学法接枝咪唑类离子液体改性碳纤维的新方法。研究系统考察了离子液体浓度和电流密度对聚丙烯腈基高模量碳纤维表面物理化学结构及其复合材料界面性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,离子液体通过电化学作用成功接枝于酸化碳纤维表面,并在纤维与基体间构建了“化学桥梁”,其胺基端与纤维表面的含氧官能团发生键合,另一端则参与环氧树脂的固化反应。这种双重作用显著改善了碳纤维的表面浸润性及界面结合强度。特别是当离子液体浓度为5wt%和电流密度为25 A·m^-2时,改性效果最佳,其界面剪切强度由未处理的42.27 MPa提升至95.52 MPa,增幅达125.9%。该研究阐明了电化学接枝离子液体的界面增强机理,为高模量碳纤维复合材料的界面优化提供了新的技术途径。

关键词: 高模量碳纤维, 阴极电化学, 离子液体, 界面剪切强度

Abstract: To address the poor interfacial adhesion between high-modulus carbon fibers and resin matrices caused by the fibers' high chemical inertness and low surface energy, this paper proposes a novel method for modifying carbon fibers via the cathodic electrochemical grafting of imidazole-based ionic liquids. This study systematically investigated the effects of IL concentration and current density on the physicochemical structure of polyacrylonitrile-based HMCF surfaces and the interfacial properties of the resulting composites. The results indicate that the ILs were successfully grafted onto the acidified carbon fiber surfaces via electrochemical action, establishing a “chemical bridge” between the fiber and the matrix. Specifically, the amino terminals bonded with the oxygen-containing functional groups on the fiber surfaces, while the other ends participated in the curing reaction of the epoxy resin. This dual mechanism significantly improved both the surface wettability and the interfacial bonding strength ofthe carbon fibers. Notably, the optimal modification effect was achieved at an IL concentration of 5wt% and a current density of 25 A·m^-2, where the interfacial shear strength increased from 42.27 MPa (untreated) to 95.52 MPa, representing a remarkable enhancement of 125.9%. This study elucidates the interfacial reinforcement mechanism of electrochemically grafted ILs and provides a novel technical approach for optimizing the interfaces of HMCF com-posites.

Key words: high-modulus carbon fiber, cathodic electrochemistry, ionic liquid, interfacial shear strength

中图分类号:

TB332

张彤, 李鸿鑫, 曹维宇, 王梦梵. 阴极电化学接枝离子液体改善高模量碳纤维界面性能的研究[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(9): 60-71.

ZHANG Tong, LI Hongxin, CAO Weiyu, WANG Mengfan. Research on the improvement of interface properties of high modulus carbon fibers by cathodic electrochemical grafting of ionic liquids[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(9): 60-71.

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阴极电化学接枝离子液体改善高模量碳纤维界面性能的研究

Research on the improvement of interface properties of high modulus carbon fibers by cathodic electrochemical grafting of ionic liquids

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