中间相沥青改性可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料性能及烧蚀层微观分析

doi:10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260728.009

复合材料科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (7): 74-82.DOI: 10.19936/j.cnki.2096-8000.20260728.009

中间相沥青改性可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料性能及烧蚀层微观分析

吴李炜, 赵杨阳, 刘欣, 黄志雄, 王雁冰^*

武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430070

收稿日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-08-06
通讯作者: 王雁冰(1975—),女,博士,教授,研究方向为聚合物基耐烧蚀材料,wangyb@whut.edu.cn。
作者简介:吴李炜(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为可陶瓷化橡胶基复合材料。

Properties of mesinase pitch modified ceramifiable silicone rubber composites and microanalysis of ablation layers

WU Liwei, ZHAO Yangyang, LIU Xin, HUANG Zhixiong, WANG Yanbing^*

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2025-05-12 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以硅橡胶为基体,硅化钼(MoSi₂)为耐烧蚀填料,玻璃料为低熔点填料,中间相沥青(Mesophase Pitch,MP)为助陶瓷化反应物质,通过混炼的方法制备可陶瓷化硅橡胶。测试了复合材料在室温下的拉伸强度,经600 ℃、800 ℃、1 000 ℃、1 200 ℃高温热处理后的弯曲强度,以及在氧-乙炔火焰烧蚀后烧蚀中心区域的微观形貌和物相演变。研究了MP含量对可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料力学性能、高温抗氧化性能和耐烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加20份MP的复合材料经过1 200 ℃热处理后的弯曲强度可达9.54 MPa,相较于未添加MP的复合材料提升了55.9%。微观形貌显示:MP的加入能够有效改善炭层的致密性;随着MP含量的增高,复合材料表面逐渐变得平整,表面基本观察不到裂纹和孔洞。

关键词: 可陶瓷化硅橡胶, 中间相沥青, 陶瓷层结构, 高温抗氧化性能, 耐烧蚀性能

Abstract: The ceramifiable silicone rubber was prepared by blending with silicone rubber as the matrix, molybdenum silicide (MoSi₂) as ablation-resistant filler, a glassy material as low melting point filler, andmesophasepitch (MP) as ceramisation-assisting reactive substance. The tensile strength of the composites at room temperature, the flexural strength of the composites after high-temperature heat treatments at 600 ℃, 800 ℃, 1 000 ℃, and 1 200 ℃, and the microscopic morphology and phase evolution of the ablated centre region after oxygen-acetylene flame ablation were tested. The effects of MP content on the mechanical properties, high-temperature oxidation resistance and ablation resistance of the ceramicisable silicone rubber composites were investigated. The results showed that the flexural strength of the pyrolysis product of the composite with 20 parts of MP added reached 9.54 MPa after heat treatment at 1 200 ℃, which was 55.9% higher than that of the composite without MP added. The microscopic morphology shows that the addition of MP can effectively improve the densification of the carbon layer, and the surface of the composite material gradually becomes flat with the increase of MP content, and cracks and holes are basically not observed on the surface.

Key words: ceramifiable silicone rubber, mesinase pitch, ceramic layer structure, high temperature oxidation resistance, ablation resistance

中图分类号:

TB332

吴李炜, 赵杨阳, 刘欣, 黄志雄, 王雁冰. 中间相沥青改性可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料性能及烧蚀层微观分析[J]. 复合材料科学与工程, 2026, 0(7): 74-82.

WU Liwei, ZHAO Yangyang, LIU Xin, HUANG Zhixiong, WANG Yanbing. Properties of mesinase pitch modified ceramifiable silicone rubber composites and microanalysis of ablation layers[J]. COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2026, 0(7): 74-82.

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中间相沥青改性可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料性能及烧蚀层微观分析

Properties of mesinase pitch modified ceramifiable silicone rubber composites and microanalysis of ablation layers

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